Difference between revisions of "Hypoxis juncea"
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| − | Common name: | + | Common name: fringed yellow star-grass, fringed stargrass |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: none<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/> | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | This species is distributed from southeastern North Carolina south to southern Florida and west to southern Alabama<ref name=weakley/> with disjunct populations in western Cuba.<ref>Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.</ref> | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | It is a longleaf pine flatwoods/ sandhill species.<ref name="Glitzenstein et al 2003">Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, et al. (2003). "Fire frequency effects on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris, P.Miller) vegetation in South Carolina and northeast Florida, USA." Natural Areas Journal 23: 22-37.</ref> Generally, ''Hypoxis juncea'' is found in wet pine savanna communities.<ref name= | + | It is a longleaf pine flatwoods/ sandhill species.<ref name="Glitzenstein et al 2003">Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, et al. (2003). "Fire frequency effects on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris, P.Miller) vegetation in South Carolina and northeast Florida, USA." Natural Areas Journal 23: 22-37.</ref> Generally, ''Hypoxis juncea'' is found in wet pine savanna communities.<ref name=weakley/> However, it can also occur in disturbed areas, including grassy roadsides. It prefers open, moist conditions in sandy or loamy soils.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Karen MacClendon, R. Komarek, and Annie Schmidt. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Jefferson, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> It can also be found in flatwoods and bogs occasionally.<ref name= "nature"/> Within the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service lists this species as a facultative wetland species that most often occurs in wetland habitats, but can also occasionally be found in non-wetland habitats.<ref>USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 30 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Pinus palutris, Pinus elliottii,'' and ''Quercus laevis''.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''H. juncea'' generally flowers from April through May | + | ''H. juncea'' generally flowers from April through May and can be later especially in response to fire disturbance.<ref name=weakley/> It has been observed flowering from February through June and in September with peak inflorescence in March.<ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016</ref><ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Fruiting was observed in March through June.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> It has been observed to flower within a few weeks of burning in native pine savannas.<ref>Robertson, K.M. 2015. Personal observation on Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine preserve and Pebble Hill Plantation Fire Plots, both near Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| + | Seeds of ''H. juncea'' were found in the seed bank after a fire disturbance in a flatwoods habitat in Hardee County, Florida.<ref>Kalmbacher, R., et al. (2005). "Seeds obtained by vacuuming the soil surface after fire compared with soil seedbank in a flatwoods plant community." Native Plants Journal 6: 233-241.</ref> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | This species has been found in | + | This species has been found in habitats that are maintained by frequent fire.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> ''H. juncea'' appeared to have benefited from high fire frequencies in a study in 2003.<ref name="Glitzenstein et al 2003"/> Observed ''H. juncea'' resprouting at least 10 days after a fire that occurred in June of 1993.<ref>Pavon, M. L. (1995). Diversity and response of ground cover arthropod communities to different seasonal burns in longleaf pine forests. Tallahassee, Florida A&M University.</ref> |
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | ''Hypoxis juncea'' has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as ''Augochlorella gratiosa,'' and ''Lasioglossum nymphalis''.<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> Deyrup observed ''Dialictus nymnphalis'', on ''H. juncea''.<ref>Deyrup, M. J. E., and Beth Norden (2002). "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." Insecta mundi 16(1-3).</ref> | |
| − | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | |
| + | ''H. juncea'' is one of the most important plants for quail, which occurred (resprouted) in the ranking only the first 1 or 2 months after fire."<ref>Hughes, R. H. (1975). The native vegetation in south Florida related to month of burning. Asheville, NC, USDA Forest Service.</ref> Overall, though, it is considered to be of poor forage value.<ref>Hilman, J. B. (1964). "Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range " U.S. Forest Service Research Paper SE-12 </ref> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | + | Due to ''Hypoxis juncea'' being considered critically imperiled in North Carolina, it is listed as G4 on the global scale.<ref name= "nature">[[http://explorer.natureserve.org]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 30, 2019</ref> | |
| − | |||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
| − | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
Latest revision as of 08:28, 2 June 2023
| Hypoxis juncea | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida – Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Liliaceae |
| Genus: | Hypoxis |
| Species: | H. juncea |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypoxis juncea Sm. | |
| |
| Natural range of Hypoxis juncea from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: fringed yellow star-grass, fringed stargrass
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none[1]
Varieties: none[1]
Description
A description of Hypoxis juncea is provided in The Flora of North America. Hypoxis juncea is a perennial herbaceous species.
Distribution
This species is distributed from southeastern North Carolina south to southern Florida and west to southern Alabama[1] with disjunct populations in western Cuba.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
It is a longleaf pine flatwoods/ sandhill species.[3] Generally, Hypoxis juncea is found in wet pine savanna communities.[1] However, it can also occur in disturbed areas, including grassy roadsides. It prefers open, moist conditions in sandy or loamy soils.[4] It can also be found in flatwoods and bogs occasionally.[5] Within the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service lists this species as a facultative wetland species that most often occurs in wetland habitats, but can also occasionally be found in non-wetland habitats.[6]
Associated species include Pinus palutris, Pinus elliottii, and Quercus laevis.[4]
Phenology
H. juncea generally flowers from April through May and can be later especially in response to fire disturbance.[1] It has been observed flowering from February through June and in September with peak inflorescence in March.[7][4] Fruiting was observed in March through June.[4] It has been observed to flower within a few weeks of burning in native pine savannas.[8]
Seed bank and germination
Seeds of H. juncea were found in the seed bank after a fire disturbance in a flatwoods habitat in Hardee County, Florida.[9]
Fire ecology
This species has been found in habitats that are maintained by frequent fire.[4] H. juncea appeared to have benefited from high fire frequencies in a study in 2003.[3] Observed H. juncea resprouting at least 10 days after a fire that occurred in June of 1993.[10]
Pollination
Hypoxis juncea has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as Augochlorella gratiosa, and Lasioglossum nymphalis.[11] Deyrup observed Dialictus nymnphalis, on H. juncea.[12]
Herbivory and toxicology
H. juncea is one of the most important plants for quail, which occurred (resprouted) in the ranking only the first 1 or 2 months after fire."[13] Overall, though, it is considered to be of poor forage value.[14]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Due to Hypoxis juncea being considered critically imperiled in North Carolina, it is listed as G4 on the global scale.[5]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
Hypoxis juncea Photo by Kevin Robertson
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, et al. (2003). "Fire frequency effects on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris, P.Miller) vegetation in South Carolina and northeast Florida, USA." Natural Areas Journal 23: 22-37.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Karen MacClendon, R. Komarek, and Annie Schmidt. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Jefferson, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Thomas.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 [[1]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 30, 2019
- ↑ USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 30 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. 2015. Personal observation on Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine preserve and Pebble Hill Plantation Fire Plots, both near Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Kalmbacher, R., et al. (2005). "Seeds obtained by vacuuming the soil surface after fire compared with soil seedbank in a flatwoods plant community." Native Plants Journal 6: 233-241.
- ↑ Pavon, M. L. (1995). Diversity and response of ground cover arthropod communities to different seasonal burns in longleaf pine forests. Tallahassee, Florida A&M University.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Deyrup, M. J. E., and Beth Norden (2002). "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." Insecta mundi 16(1-3).
- ↑ Hughes, R. H. (1975). The native vegetation in south Florida related to month of burning. Asheville, NC, USDA Forest Service.
- ↑ Hilman, J. B. (1964). "Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range " U.S. Forest Service Research Paper SE-12
