Difference between revisions of "Croptilon divaricatum"
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| binomial_authority = (Nutt.) Raf. | | binomial_authority = (Nutt.) Raf. | ||
| range_map = CROP_DIVA_dist.jpg | | range_map = CROP_DIVA_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Croptilon divaricatum'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov Plants Database]. | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Croptilon divaricatum'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CRDI17 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| − | Common name: | + | Common name: scratch-daisy, slender scratchdaisy |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: ''Haplopappus divaricatus'' (Nuttall) A. Gray; ''Isopappus divaricatus'' (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| Line 25: | Line 29: | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | U.S. Gulf States | + | Occurs in the U.S. Gulf States in areas that have sandy soil where pocket gophers inhabit. This gives the area the characteristic disturbed appearance, bare ground and freshly turned patches of soil. <ref name="Schaal and Leverich">Shaal, B. A., Wesley J. Leverich (1982). "Survivorship Patterns in an Annual plant community." oecologia 54(2): 149-151.</ref> It is found occasionally in disturbed areas as defined in - Analysis of Longleaf Pine Sandhill Vegetation in Northwest Florida - in the bluestem-dominant plots.<ref name=rod> Rodgers, H. L., and Louis Provencher (1999). "Analysis of Longleaf Pine Sandhill Vegetation in Northwest Florida." castanea 64(2): 138-162.</ref> |
| − | It is found occasionally in disturbed areas as defined in - Analysis of Longleaf Pine Sandhill Vegetation in Northwest Florida - in the bluestem-dominant plots.<ref>Rodgers, H. L., and Louis Provencher (1999). "Analysis of Longleaf Pine Sandhill Vegetation in Northwest Florida." castanea 64(2): 138-162.</ref> | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
| − | Pine thinning resulted in significantly higher frequencies of C. divaricatum after 5 and 8 years.<ref name="Harrington 2011"/> | + | Pine thinning resulted in significantly higher frequencies of ''C. divaricatum'' after 5 and 8 years.<ref name="Harrington 2011"/> |
| − | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | + | ===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ''Croptilon divaricatum'' is found in Longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas<ref name="Harrington 2011">Harrington, T. B. (2011). "Overstory and understory relationships in longleaf pine plantations 14 years after thinning and woody control." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41: 2301-2314.</ref>, turkey oak sand ridges, and edges of hardwood swamps and hillside bogs. It is also found in human disturbed areas, such as roadsides, fallow fields, and orange groves. This species requires high light levels and is associated with areas of sandy loam, clayey soil, and sandy soil types.<ref name=fsu> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Cecil R. Slaughter, Tara Baridi, Rex Ellis, L. Baltzell, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, Paul L. Redfearn, Jr., C. Jackson, Robert K. Godfrey, John B. Nelson, Cortland S. Hill, A. H. Curtiss, Gary R. Knight, P. Genelle, G. Fleming, James D. Ray, Jr., Richard S. Mitchell, Andre F. Clewell, Cortland S. Hill, R. R. Smith, Gary H. Morton, Jeri Kirkland, D. B. Ward, R. Kral, Kathleen Craddock Burks, H. E. Grelen, R. A. Norris, and R. Komarek. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Dade, Dixie, Escambia, Gadsden, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Putnam, Wakulla, and Walton. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.</ref> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ''C. divaricatum'' is found in open areas near the edges of mixed pine-hardwood forests and wetlands, at boundaries between or near 2 or more natural communities in Alachua County, Florida,<ref name="Hall and Ascher 2010"> Hall, H. G. a. J. S. A. (2010). "Surveys of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in natural areas of Alachua County in north-central Florida." The Florida Entomologist 93(4): 609-629.</ref> and at the Sandhill Research and Education Center in South Carolina where soil series include Lakeland sands, loamy sands, which are mostly entisols (arenic and grosarenic quartzipsamments) with high permeability and low available water capacity. Previously, the Center was an agricultural area, so some of the land includes mosaic old-fields, pine stands, scrub oak dominated forests, and forested wetlands.<ref>Jenkins, R. A., and Patrick D. McMillan (2009). "Vascular Flora of Sandhill Research and Education Center, Richland County, South Carolina." Castanea 74(2): 168-180.</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Aster, Conyza, Lygodesmia, Liatris, Panicum, Leptoloma oognatum'', and others. <ref name=fsu/> | ||
| − | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | + | ===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> |
| − | It is a summer annual.<ref name="Schaal and Leverich"/> It has been observed fruiting in October and November | + | It is a summer annual.<ref name="Schaal and Leverich"/> It has been observed fruiting in October and November. <ref name=fsu/> |
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | + | This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. <ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> |
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| + | |||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | It is found in frequently burned areas, such as Longleaf pine savannas | + | It is found in frequently burned areas, such as Longleaf pine savannas. <ref name=fsu/> |
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | Bees were captured on ''Croptilon divaricatum.''<ref name="Hall and Ascher 2010"/> | |
| − | Bees were captured on ''Croptilon divaricatum.''<ref name="Hall and Ascher 2010"/> | ||
| − | ===Diseases and parasites=== | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> |
| − | ==Conservation and | + | Additionally, this species has been observed to host ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family such as ''Perdita bishoppi, P. cambarella'' and ''P. ignota'', as well as plant bugs from the Miridae family such as ''Lygus lineolaris'' and ''Pseudatomoscelis seriatus''.<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> |
| − | == | + | |
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | |||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 12:56, 23 May 2023
| Croptilon divaricatum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo was taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Croptilon |
| Species: | C. divaricatum |
| Binomial name | |
| Croptilon divaricatum (Nutt.) Raf. | |
| |
| Natural range of Croptilon divaricatum from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: scratch-daisy, slender scratchdaisy
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Haplopappus divaricatus (Nuttall) A. Gray; Isopappus divaricatus (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray[1]
Varieties: none[1]
Description
A description of Croptilon divaricatum is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Occurs in the U.S. Gulf States in areas that have sandy soil where pocket gophers inhabit. This gives the area the characteristic disturbed appearance, bare ground and freshly turned patches of soil. [2] It is found occasionally in disturbed areas as defined in - Analysis of Longleaf Pine Sandhill Vegetation in Northwest Florida - in the bluestem-dominant plots.[3]
Ecology
Pine thinning resulted in significantly higher frequencies of C. divaricatum after 5 and 8 years.[4]
Habitat
Croptilon divaricatum is found in Longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas[4], turkey oak sand ridges, and edges of hardwood swamps and hillside bogs. It is also found in human disturbed areas, such as roadsides, fallow fields, and orange groves. This species requires high light levels and is associated with areas of sandy loam, clayey soil, and sandy soil types.[5]
C. divaricatum is found in open areas near the edges of mixed pine-hardwood forests and wetlands, at boundaries between or near 2 or more natural communities in Alachua County, Florida,[6] and at the Sandhill Research and Education Center in South Carolina where soil series include Lakeland sands, loamy sands, which are mostly entisols (arenic and grosarenic quartzipsamments) with high permeability and low available water capacity. Previously, the Center was an agricultural area, so some of the land includes mosaic old-fields, pine stands, scrub oak dominated forests, and forested wetlands.[7]
Associated species include Aster, Conyza, Lygodesmia, Liatris, Panicum, Leptoloma oognatum, and others. [5]
Phenology
It is a summer annual.[2] It has been observed fruiting in October and November. [5]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. [8]
Fire ecology
It is found in frequently burned areas, such as Longleaf pine savannas. [5]
Pollination
Bees were captured on Croptilon divaricatum.[6]
Herbivory and toxicology
Additionally, this species has been observed to host ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family such as Perdita bishoppi, P. cambarella and P. ignota, as well as plant bugs from the Miridae family such as Lygus lineolaris and Pseudatomoscelis seriatus.[9]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shaal, B. A., Wesley J. Leverich (1982). "Survivorship Patterns in an Annual plant community." oecologia 54(2): 149-151.
- ↑ Rodgers, H. L., and Louis Provencher (1999). "Analysis of Longleaf Pine Sandhill Vegetation in Northwest Florida." castanea 64(2): 138-162.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Harrington, T. B. (2011). "Overstory and understory relationships in longleaf pine plantations 14 years after thinning and woody control." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41: 2301-2314.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Cecil R. Slaughter, Tara Baridi, Rex Ellis, L. Baltzell, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, Paul L. Redfearn, Jr., C. Jackson, Robert K. Godfrey, John B. Nelson, Cortland S. Hill, A. H. Curtiss, Gary R. Knight, P. Genelle, G. Fleming, James D. Ray, Jr., Richard S. Mitchell, Andre F. Clewell, Cortland S. Hill, R. R. Smith, Gary H. Morton, Jeri Kirkland, D. B. Ward, R. Kral, Kathleen Craddock Burks, H. E. Grelen, R. A. Norris, and R. Komarek. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Dade, Dixie, Escambia, Gadsden, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Putnam, Wakulla, and Walton. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hall, H. G. a. J. S. A. (2010). "Surveys of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in natural areas of Alachua County in north-central Florida." The Florida Entomologist 93(4): 609-629.
- ↑ Jenkins, R. A., and Patrick D. McMillan (2009). "Vascular Flora of Sandhill Research and Education Center, Richland County, South Carolina." Castanea 74(2): 168-180.
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
