Xyris caroliniana

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Xyris caroliniana
Xyris caroliniana 084.jpg
Xyris caroliniana, the Peninsular Florida white-flowered form
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class: Liliopsida – Monocotyledons
Order: Commelinales
Family: Xyridaceae
Genus: Xyris
Species: X. caroliniana
Binomial name
Xyris caroliniana
Walter
XYRI CARO dist.jpg
Natural range of Xyris caroliniana from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: Carolina yelloweyed grass

Taxonomic notes

Description

Solitary or in small tufts, the bases deeply set in the substrate, perennating by means of pale, elongated, fleshy lateral buds. Outer leaves scaly, castaneous; longer leaves linear, 2-5 (-7) dm long, 2-5 mm broad, twisted and flexuous, mostly smooth, minutely tuberculate along the margins, base abruptly dilated, dark brown, shiny, long-persistent as scales. Sheath of the scape shorter than the leaves, tight below, loose toward the oblique orifice which is tipped by a very short blade. Scapes linear, 5-10 dm long, twisted, flexuous, smooth, terete and minutely ridged below, the ridges minutely tuberculate, becoming oval in cross-section and smooth to 1-ridged above. Spikes 1-3 cm long, elliptic to narrowly lanceolate in outline, blunt to acute, of few to many closely imbricate bracts. Fertile bracts 0.5-1.3 cm long, oblong to obovate, entire or emarginate, becoming erose, the center ovate area gray-green, the wide margin light tan or brown. Lateral sepals linear, slightly to conspicuously exserted, tan to reddish brown with a broad keel which is entire below but fimbriate at its exserted apex. Petal blades obovate, 8-9 mm long, yellow in n. Fla., becoming more typically white in peninsular Fla., in most populations opening in the afternoon. Seeds fusiform, narrow, 0.8-1 mm long, translucent, with about 20 pale, stripelike longitudinal lines, the vertical lines apparent.

Additoinal description information of Xyris caroliniana is provided in The Flora of North America.

Distribution

Moist sands of pine flatwoods or savannas, well-drained sands or moist depressions of mesic to scrubby flatwoods, sandhills, and scrub. Summer-Fall. Common throughout Florida. Coastal Plain. New Jersey; southeast Virginia, south to Florida, west to southeast Texas.

Ecology

Habitat

Atlantic Longleaef Flatwoods with inclusions of Atlantic Mesic Longleaf Woodland, savanna, and seepage bog (Glitzenstein et al 2003). Southern Longleaf Flatwood according to Peet and Allard 1993 (Glitzenstein et al 2003). Osceola study plots soils are spodosols (Glitzenstein et al 2003).

Phenology

Seed dispersal

Seed bank and germination

Fire ecology

Pollination

Use by animals

Diseases and parasites

Conservation and Management

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

References and notes

Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, et al. (2003). "Fire frequency effects on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris, P.Miller) vegetation in South Carolina and northeast Florida, USA." Natural Areas Journal 23: 22-37.