Difference between revisions of "Xyris brevifolia"
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| − | Common name: | + | Common name: Shortleaf yellow-eyed grass |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''Xyris brevifolia'' occurs in North Carolina, south to Florida, and westward to Mississippi. | + | ''Xyris brevifolia'' occurs in North Carolina, south to Florida, and westward to Mississippi. From Mississippi to Georgia and Florida, the species conservation status is not ranked/under review. In South Carolina, the species conservation status is critically imperiled. In North Carolina the species conservation status is vulnerable.<ref name=”NatureServe”> [[http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Xyris+brevifolia]] Nature Serve. Accessed: March 17, 2016.</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''Xyris brevifolia'' can occur in cypress depression swamps, coastal mesic flatwoods, wet pine flatwoods, river floodplains, ''Magnolia virginiana-Persea-Nyssa'' hammocks, exposed shores of karst ponds, cabbage palm hammock margins, tropical hammocks, coastal swales, and seepage bogs. It has occurred in disturbed areas such as roadside depressions and bulldozed clearing in pine-palmetto flatwoods. <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: Mary Atkinson, Loran C. Anderson, Edwin L. Bridges, George R. Cooley, A.H. Curtiss, Richard J. Eaton, Bob Fewster, Robert K. Godfrey, E.M. Hodgson, Richard D. Houk, Ann F. Johnson, Lisa Keppner, Mabel Kral, Robert Kral, O. Lakela, Sidney McDaniel, Marc Minno, Joseph Monachino, Steve L. Orzell, Paul O. Schallert, Cecil R. Slaughter, Robert F. Thorne, D.B. Ward, S.S. Ward. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, Dixie, Flagler, Franklin, Hamilton, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Okeechobee, Osceola, Pinellas, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, Washington. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> Soils include Mandarin (Typic Haplohumods), loamy soil, loamy sand, sandy peat, and Newnan (Ultic Haplohumods). <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Associated species include ''Pinus palustris, Aristida stricta, Serenoa repens, Ilex glabra, Xyris caroliniana, X. ambigua, Rhychospora plumosa, R. fernaldii, Lachnocaulon, Euphorbia telephiodes'', and ''Drosera intermedia.'' <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Occurs in pine-palmetto habitat in south Florida, occurrence is infrequent, and has no forage value <ref name=”Hilmon1964”> Hilmon, J.B. (1964). “Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range.” U.S. Forest Service Research Paper S E – 12. </ref> | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''Xyris brevifolia'' can occur in cypress depression swamps, coastal mesic flatwoods, wet pine flatwoods, river floodplains, ''Magnolia virginiana-Persea-Nyssa'' hammocks, exposed shores of karst ponds, cabbage palm hammock margins, tropical hammocks, coastal swales, and seepage bogs. It has occurred in disturbed areas such as roadside depressions and bulldozed clearing in pine-palmetto flatwoods.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: Mary Atkinson, Loran C. Anderson, Edwin L. Bridges, George R. Cooley, A.H. Curtiss, Richard J. Eaton, Bob Fewster, Robert K. Godfrey, E.M. Hodgson, Richard D. Houk, Ann F. Johnson, Lisa Keppner, Mabel Kral, Robert Kral, O. Lakela, Sidney McDaniel, Marc Minno, Joseph Monachino, Steve L. Orzell, Paul O. Schallert, Cecil R. Slaughter, Robert F. Thorne, D.B. Ward, S.S. Ward. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, Dixie, Flagler, Franklin, Hamilton, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Okeechobee, Osceola, Pinellas, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, Washington. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> Soils include Mandarin (Typic Haplohumods), loamy soil, loamy sand, sandy peat, and Newnan (Ultic Haplohumods).<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| + | |||
| + | ''Xyris brevifolia'' is an indicator species for the Central Florida Flatwoods/Prairies community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Pinus palustris, Aristida stricta, Serenoa repens, Ilex glabra, Xyris caroliniana, X. ambigua, Rhychospora plumosa, R. fernaldii, Lachnocaulon, Euphorbia telephiodes'', and ''Drosera intermedia.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Occurs in pine-palmetto habitat in south Florida, occurrence is infrequent, and has no forage value.<ref name=”Hilmon1964”> Hilmon, J.B. (1964). “Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range.” U.S. Forest Service Research Paper S E – 12.</ref> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | Flowers and fruits February through October. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | + | Flowers and fruits February through October.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| − | ''Xyris brevifolia'' was found in the seed bank of the wiregrass flatwood stands with multiple postfire ages, including | + | ''Xyris brevifolia'' was found in the seed bank of the wiregrass flatwood stands with multiple postfire ages, including 3 years, 4, years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 25 years, 29 years, and over 30 years post fire.<ref name=Maliakal2000”> Maliakal, Satya K., Eric S. Menges, and J.S. Denslow (2000). “Community Composition and Regeneration of Lake Wales Ridge Wiregrass Flatwoods in Relation to Time-since-Fire.” The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society Vol. 137, No. 2: 125-138.</ref>. ''Xyris brevifolia'' seeds were found in the seed cores and in a vacuuming experiment in Florida’s flatwoods plant community, pre and postfire.<ref name=”Kalmbacher2005”> Kalmbacher, Rob; Cellinese, Nicoletta; Martin, Frank (2005). “Seeds Obtained by Vacuuming the Soil Surface after Fire Compared with Soil Seedbank in a Flatwoods Plant Community.” Native Plants Journal 6.3: 233-240.</ref> |
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | ''X. brevifolia'' has been observed growing in recently burned mesic pine flatwoods. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | + | ''X. brevifolia'' has been observed growing in recently burned mesic pine flatwoods.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | Sweat bees such as ''Lasioglossum pectoralis'' and ''L. tamiamensis'' (family Halictidae) and leafcutting bees such as ''Megachile brevis pseudobrevis'' (family Megachilidae) were observed visiting flowers of ''Xyris brevifolia'' at the Archbold Biological Station:<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> | |
| − | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology=== <!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc.--> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | <!--=== | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
File: Xyri_brev_SDenton_NatPhoto-Flwr73421.jpg | <center> Flower of ''Xyris'' ''brevifolia'' <p> Photo by Shirley Denton (Copyrighted, use by photographer’s permission only), [http://www.shirleydenton.com/welcome Nature Photography by Shirley Denton] </p> | File: Xyri_brev_SDenton_NatPhoto-Flwr73421.jpg | <center> Flower of ''Xyris'' ''brevifolia'' <p> Photo by Shirley Denton (Copyrighted, use by photographer’s permission only), [http://www.shirleydenton.com/welcome Nature Photography by Shirley Denton] </p> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| − | |||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:32, 18 July 2022
| Xyris brevifolia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Shirley Denton (Copyrighted, use by photographer’s permission only), Nature Photography by Shirley Denton | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida – Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Commelinales |
| Family: | Xyridaceae |
| Genus: | Xyris |
| Species: | X. brevifolia |
| Binomial name | |
| Xyris brevifolia Michx. | |
| |
| Natural range of Xyris brevifolia from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Shortleaf yellow-eyed grass
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Description
A description of Xyris brevifolia is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Xyris brevifolia occurs in North Carolina, south to Florida, and westward to Mississippi. From Mississippi to Georgia and Florida, the species conservation status is not ranked/under review. In South Carolina, the species conservation status is critically imperiled. In North Carolina the species conservation status is vulnerable.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, Xyris brevifolia can occur in cypress depression swamps, coastal mesic flatwoods, wet pine flatwoods, river floodplains, Magnolia virginiana-Persea-Nyssa hammocks, exposed shores of karst ponds, cabbage palm hammock margins, tropical hammocks, coastal swales, and seepage bogs. It has occurred in disturbed areas such as roadside depressions and bulldozed clearing in pine-palmetto flatwoods.[2] Soils include Mandarin (Typic Haplohumods), loamy soil, loamy sand, sandy peat, and Newnan (Ultic Haplohumods).[2]
Xyris brevifolia is an indicator species for the Central Florida Flatwoods/Prairies community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[3]
Associated species include Pinus palustris, Aristida stricta, Serenoa repens, Ilex glabra, Xyris caroliniana, X. ambigua, Rhychospora plumosa, R. fernaldii, Lachnocaulon, Euphorbia telephiodes, and Drosera intermedia.[2] Occurs in pine-palmetto habitat in south Florida, occurrence is infrequent, and has no forage value.[4]
Phenology
Flowers and fruits February through October.[2]
Seed bank and germination
Xyris brevifolia was found in the seed bank of the wiregrass flatwood stands with multiple postfire ages, including 3 years, 4, years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 25 years, 29 years, and over 30 years post fire.[5]. Xyris brevifolia seeds were found in the seed cores and in a vacuuming experiment in Florida’s flatwoods plant community, pre and postfire.[6]
Fire ecology
X. brevifolia has been observed growing in recently burned mesic pine flatwoods.[2]
Pollination
Sweat bees such as Lasioglossum pectoralis and L. tamiamensis (family Halictidae) and leafcutting bees such as Megachile brevis pseudobrevis (family Megachilidae) were observed visiting flowers of Xyris brevifolia at the Archbold Biological Station:[7]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
Flower of Xyris brevifolia Photo by Shirley Denton (Copyrighted, use by photographer’s permission only), Nature Photography by Shirley Denton
References and notes
- ↑ [[1]] Nature Serve. Accessed: March 17, 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: Mary Atkinson, Loran C. Anderson, Edwin L. Bridges, George R. Cooley, A.H. Curtiss, Richard J. Eaton, Bob Fewster, Robert K. Godfrey, E.M. Hodgson, Richard D. Houk, Ann F. Johnson, Lisa Keppner, Mabel Kral, Robert Kral, O. Lakela, Sidney McDaniel, Marc Minno, Joseph Monachino, Steve L. Orzell, Paul O. Schallert, Cecil R. Slaughter, Robert F. Thorne, D.B. Ward, S.S. Ward. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, Dixie, Flagler, Franklin, Hamilton, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Okeechobee, Osceola, Pinellas, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, Washington. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Hilmon, J.B. (1964). “Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range.” U.S. Forest Service Research Paper S E – 12.
- ↑ Maliakal, Satya K., Eric S. Menges, and J.S. Denslow (2000). “Community Composition and Regeneration of Lake Wales Ridge Wiregrass Flatwoods in Relation to Time-since-Fire.” The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society Vol. 137, No. 2: 125-138.
- ↑ Kalmbacher, Rob; Cellinese, Nicoletta; Martin, Frank (2005). “Seeds Obtained by Vacuuming the Soil Surface after Fire Compared with Soil Seedbank in a Flatwoods Plant Community.” Native Plants Journal 6.3: 233-240.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
