Difference between revisions of "Tridens flavus"
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| − | Common name: redtop <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, tall redtop <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, purpletop tridens <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, greasy grass <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, Chapman's tridens <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | + | Common name: redtop<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, tall redtop<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, purpletop tridens<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, greasy grass<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, Chapman's tridens<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> |
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: | + | Synonyms: ''Tridens chapmanii'' (Small) Chase.<ref>Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | ''T. flavus'' is a perennial graminoid of the ''Poaceae'' family native to North America and introduced to Canada. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=TRFL2 https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=TRFL2] </ref> | + | ''T. flavus'' is a perennial graminoid of the ''Poaceae'' family native to North America and introduced to Canada.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=TRFL2 https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=TRFL2]</ref> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''T. flavus'' proliferates in roadsides, disturbed areas, and glades. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> | + | ''T. flavus'' proliferates in roadsides, disturbed areas, and glades.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> |
| − | Specimens have been collected from drying loamy sands, burned pineland, bank of rivers, cypress swamp bank, open field, hammock, wooded floodplain, and pine-oak flatwood. | + | Specimens have been collected from drying loamy sands, burned pineland, bank of rivers, cypress swamp bank, open field, hammock, wooded floodplain, and pine-oak flatwood.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Julia Neel, Roy Komarek, Robert Norris, A.F. Clewell, R. Kral, J. P. Gillespie, D.L. Martin, S. T. Cooper, R.D. Houk, Richard Mitchell, Cecil Slaughter, Marc Minno, Ann F. Johnson, Wilson Baker, Billie Bailey, Alan Franck, Peter Simones, M. Darst, A. Gholson, Kathleen Craddock Burks, Gary Knight. States and counties: Florida (Wakulla, Leon, Hamilton, Marion, Liberty, Jackson, Dixie, Okaloosa, Nassau, St. Johns, Volusia, Calhoun, Lafayette, Walton) Georgia (Grady, THomas)</ref> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''T. flavus'' has been observed to flower in October. <ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 29 MAY 2018 </ref> | + | ''T. flavus'' has been observed to flower in October.<ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 29 MAY 2018</ref> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | ''T. flavus'' is not fire resistant, but has high fire tolerance | + | ''T. flavus'' is not fire resistant, but has high fire tolerance<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> as shown by populations that have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, R. E. Masters, K. M. Robertson and S. M. Hermann 2012. Fire-frequency effects on vegetation in north Florida pinelands: Another look at the long-term Stoddard Fire Research Plots at Tall Timbers Research Station. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 197-209.</ref><ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> |
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
| − | === | + | |
| − | ''T. flavus'' has high palatability for grazing and browsing animals | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== <!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc.--> |
| − | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | + | ''T. flavus'' has high palatability for grazing and browsing animals<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> |
| + | <!--==Diseases and parasites==-->, however the risk for cyanogenesis is present as cyanide has been detected in this species.<ref> Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.</ref> Cattle forage ''Tridens flavus'' in the summer and early fall, but the species can decrease under heavy grazing.<ref name= "Forestland Grazing">Byrd, Nathan A. (1980). "Forestland Grazing: A Guide For Service Foresters In The South." U.S. Department of Agriculture.</ref> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 08:31, 18 July 2022
Common name: redtop[1], tall redtop[1], purpletop tridens[1], greasy grass[1], Chapman's tridens[2]
| Tridens flavus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | Tridens |
| Species: | T. flavus |
| Binomial name | |
| Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. | |
| |
| Natural range of Tridens flavus from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Tridens chapmanii (Small) Chase.[3]
Description
T. flavus is a perennial graminoid of the Poaceae family native to North America and introduced to Canada.[2]
Distribution
T. flavus is found in the eastern half of the United States as well as California, and in the Ontario region of Canada. [2]
Ecology
Habitat
T. flavus proliferates in roadsides, disturbed areas, and glades.[1]
Specimens have been collected from drying loamy sands, burned pineland, bank of rivers, cypress swamp bank, open field, hammock, wooded floodplain, and pine-oak flatwood.[4]
Phenology
T. flavus has been observed to flower in October.[5]
Fire ecology
T. flavus is not fire resistant, but has high fire tolerance[2] as shown by populations that have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[6][7]
Herbivory and toxicology
T. flavus has high palatability for grazing and browsing animals[2] , however the risk for cyanogenesis is present as cyanide has been detected in this species.[8] Cattle forage Tridens flavus in the summer and early fall, but the species can decrease under heavy grazing.[9]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=TRFL2
- ↑ Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Julia Neel, Roy Komarek, Robert Norris, A.F. Clewell, R. Kral, J. P. Gillespie, D.L. Martin, S. T. Cooper, R.D. Houk, Richard Mitchell, Cecil Slaughter, Marc Minno, Ann F. Johnson, Wilson Baker, Billie Bailey, Alan Franck, Peter Simones, M. Darst, A. Gholson, Kathleen Craddock Burks, Gary Knight. States and counties: Florida (Wakulla, Leon, Hamilton, Marion, Liberty, Jackson, Dixie, Okaloosa, Nassau, St. Johns, Volusia, Calhoun, Lafayette, Walton) Georgia (Grady, THomas)
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 29 MAY 2018
- ↑ Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, R. E. Masters, K. M. Robertson and S. M. Hermann 2012. Fire-frequency effects on vegetation in north Florida pinelands: Another look at the long-term Stoddard Fire Research Plots at Tall Timbers Research Station. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 197-209.
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.
- ↑ Byrd, Nathan A. (1980). "Forestland Grazing: A Guide For Service Foresters In The South." U.S. Department of Agriculture.
