Difference between revisions of "Sorghastrum elliottii"
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Sorghastrum elliottii'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SOEL3 Plants Database]. | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Sorghastrum elliottii'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SOEL3 Plants Database]. | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | Common name: Slender Indiangrass | ||
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | "Coarse perennials from rhizomes or hardened bases. Leaves mostly low cauline; blades usually scaberulous; sheaths usually glabrous, margins scarious; ligules membranous to cartilaginous. Panicle elongate; rachis smooth; branches ascending; peduncles 1-20 mm long. Spikelets in pairs, fertile long-ovoid, 5-8 mm long excluding awns, sessile or subsessile, sterile or absent, with long hirsute pedicel, 3-8 mm long; terminal spikelets in 1-3 jointed racemes subtended by 2 subequal sterile pedicels. Glumes cartilaginous, subequal, 1st usually densely hirsute, 2nd glabrous or ciliate; fertile and sterile lemmas thin, hyaline, subequal, fertile lemma awned; palea absent. Grain reddish, flat, ellipsoid to obovoid, 2.5-3 mm long." | + | "Coarse perennials from rhizomes or hardened bases. Leaves mostly low cauline; blades usually scaberulous; sheaths usually glabrous, margins scarious; ligules membranous to cartilaginous. Panicle elongate; rachis smooth; branches ascending; peduncles 1-20 mm long. Spikelets in pairs, fertile long-ovoid, 5-8 mm long excluding awns, sessile or subsessile, sterile or absent, with long hirsute pedicel, 3-8 mm long; terminal spikelets in 1-3 jointed racemes subtended by 2 subequal sterile pedicels. Glumes cartilaginous, subequal, 1st usually densely hirsute, 2nd glabrous or ciliate; fertile and sterile lemmas thin, hyaline, subequal, fertile lemma awned; palea absent. Grain reddish, flat, ellipsoid to obovoid, 2.5-3 mm long."<ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 166. Print.</ref> |
| − | "Tufted perennial; culms 0.4-2 m tall, nodes and internodes glabrous. Blades to 6 dm long and 10 mm wide; ligules truncate, 1-4 mm long. Panicle 0.5-3 dm long, 0.2-1.5 dm broad; rachis purplish, smooth, pedicels hirsute apically. Glumes brownish, 5-8 mm long, 1st glume truncate, 2nd glume acute or cuspidate; lemmas 2.5-4 mm long, awns brownish, twisted, geniculate, usually 2.5-3.5 cm long." | + | "Tufted perennial; culms 0.4-2 m tall, nodes and internodes glabrous. Blades to 6 dm long and 10 mm wide; ligules truncate, 1-4 mm long. Panicle 0.5-3 dm long, 0.2-1.5 dm broad; rachis purplish, smooth, pedicels hirsute apically. Glumes brownish, 5-8 mm long, 1st glume truncate, 2nd glume acute or cuspidate; lemmas 2.5-4 mm long, awns brownish, twisted, geniculate, usually 2.5-3.5 cm long."<ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''S. elliottii'' has been found in sandy loam of an open slash-pine woodland; wooded ridge; upland, open pine-oak woodland; turkey oak/ longleaf pine scrub; scrub oak sand ridge; annually burned upland pine community; edge of limestone opening; open wiregrass flat in low longleaf pineland; burned upland longleaf pine; annually burned savanna; and on the edge of a limestone glade under '' Juniperus virginiana'' | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''S. elliottii'' has been found in sandy loam of an open slash-pine woodland; wooded ridge; upland, open pine-oak woodland; turkey oak/ longleaf pine scrub; scrub oak sand ridge; annually burned upland pine community; edge of limestone opening; open wiregrass flat in low longleaf pineland; burned upland longleaf pine; annually burned savanna; and on the edge of a limestone glade under '' Juniperus virginiana.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey, Loran C. Anderson, K. Craddock Burks, Richard D. Houk, A. F. Clewell, Ann F. Johnson, Wilson Baker, R. A. Norris, D. C. Hunt, R. Komarek. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Franklin, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla. Georgia: Grady, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> It has been found in disturbed habitats such as camping areas, upland mixed woodland clearings, sand between marshy area and highway, sandy loam field track, sandy soils between pine plantation and highway, and woodland trails. Soil types include loamy sand and sandy loam.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
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| + | Associated species include ''Pinus echinata, Pinus elliottii, Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Quercus ilicifolia, Aristida stricta,'' and ''Juniperus virginiana.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | It has been observed flowering and fruiting September through November | + | It has been observed flowering and fruiting September through November.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
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===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | ===Pollination=== | + | Populations of ''Sorghastrum elliottii'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref><ref>Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, R. E. Masters, K. M. Robertson and S. M. Hermann 2012. Fire-frequency effects on vegetation in north Florida pinelands: Another look at the long-term Stoddard Fire Research Plots at Tall Timbers Research Station. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 197-209.</ref><ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> |
| − | === | + | |
| − | ===Diseases and parasites=== | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> |
| − | == | + | ''Sorghastrum elliottii'' functions as forage for cattle in the late spring and summer; though highly palatable, the species does not hold up well under heavy grazing.<ref name= "Forestland Grazing">Byrd, Nathan A. (1980). "Forestland Grazing: A Guide For Service Foresters In The South." U.S. Department of Agriculture.</ref> |
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
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| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
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| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
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==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:49, 15 July 2022
| Sorghastrum elliottii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida – Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Cyperales |
| Family: | Poaceae ⁄ Gramineae |
| Genus: | Sorghastrum |
| Species: | S. elliottii |
| Binomial name | |
| Sorghastrum elliottii (C. Mohr) Nash | |
| |
| Natural range of Sorghastrum elliottii from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Slender Indiangrass
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Description
"Coarse perennials from rhizomes or hardened bases. Leaves mostly low cauline; blades usually scaberulous; sheaths usually glabrous, margins scarious; ligules membranous to cartilaginous. Panicle elongate; rachis smooth; branches ascending; peduncles 1-20 mm long. Spikelets in pairs, fertile long-ovoid, 5-8 mm long excluding awns, sessile or subsessile, sterile or absent, with long hirsute pedicel, 3-8 mm long; terminal spikelets in 1-3 jointed racemes subtended by 2 subequal sterile pedicels. Glumes cartilaginous, subequal, 1st usually densely hirsute, 2nd glabrous or ciliate; fertile and sterile lemmas thin, hyaline, subequal, fertile lemma awned; palea absent. Grain reddish, flat, ellipsoid to obovoid, 2.5-3 mm long."[1]
"Tufted perennial; culms 0.4-2 m tall, nodes and internodes glabrous. Blades to 6 dm long and 10 mm wide; ligules truncate, 1-4 mm long. Panicle 0.5-3 dm long, 0.2-1.5 dm broad; rachis purplish, smooth, pedicels hirsute apically. Glumes brownish, 5-8 mm long, 1st glume truncate, 2nd glume acute or cuspidate; lemmas 2.5-4 mm long, awns brownish, twisted, geniculate, usually 2.5-3.5 cm long."[1]
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, S. elliottii has been found in sandy loam of an open slash-pine woodland; wooded ridge; upland, open pine-oak woodland; turkey oak/ longleaf pine scrub; scrub oak sand ridge; annually burned upland pine community; edge of limestone opening; open wiregrass flat in low longleaf pineland; burned upland longleaf pine; annually burned savanna; and on the edge of a limestone glade under Juniperus virginiana.[2] It has been found in disturbed habitats such as camping areas, upland mixed woodland clearings, sand between marshy area and highway, sandy loam field track, sandy soils between pine plantation and highway, and woodland trails. Soil types include loamy sand and sandy loam.[2]
Associated species include Pinus echinata, Pinus elliottii, Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Quercus ilicifolia, Aristida stricta, and Juniperus virginiana.[2]
Phenology
It has been observed flowering and fruiting September through November.[2]
Fire ecology
Populations of Sorghastrum elliottii have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.[3][4][5]
Herbivory and toxicology
Sorghastrum elliottii functions as forage for cattle in the late spring and summer; though highly palatable, the species does not hold up well under heavy grazing.[6]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 166. Print.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey, Loran C. Anderson, K. Craddock Burks, Richard D. Houk, A. F. Clewell, Ann F. Johnson, Wilson Baker, R. A. Norris, D. C. Hunt, R. Komarek. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Franklin, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Wakulla. Georgia: Grady, Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, R. E. Masters, K. M. Robertson and S. M. Hermann 2012. Fire-frequency effects on vegetation in north Florida pinelands: Another look at the long-term Stoddard Fire Research Plots at Tall Timbers Research Station. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 197-209.
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Byrd, Nathan A. (1980). "Forestland Grazing: A Guide For Service Foresters In The South." U.S. Department of Agriculture.
