Salix caroliniana

Salix caroliniana
Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class:	Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Order:	Salicales
Family:	Salicaceae
Genus:	Salix
Species:	S. caroliniana
Binomial name
Salix caroliniana Michx.
Natural range of Salix caroliniana from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: coastal plain willow

Description

A description of Salix caroliniana is provided in The Flora of North America.

Distribution

Distributed from eastern and central United States west to Texas and south to Miami-Dade county, Florida.

Ecology

Habitat

Salix caroliniana occurs in creek bottomlands, river banks, cypress swamps, river floodplains, wet coastal hammocks, margin of sawgrass swales, Eichornia bogs, tropical evergreen hardwood forests, border of cypress-gum depression in wet flatwoods, shallow water of a slow moving tributary of a river, marsh edges, mesic pinewoods, wet sloughs, and mesic hardwood swamps. It has also occurred in disturbed areas such as a willow thicket in a broad drainage area between the highway and a railway, roadside canals, swampy edges of an orange grove, waste areas, and powerline corridors (FSU Herbarium). Soil types include loamy soil, sandy silt, loam, and loamy sand (FSU Herbarium). Associated species include Persea, Salix nigra, Equisetum hymale, Saururus cernuus, Rumex verticillatus, R. hastatulus, Tradescantia ohiensis, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Commelina diffusa, Carex longii, Parietaria floridana, Ludwigia peruviana, Eleocharis geniculata, Carpinus caroliniana, Nyssa sylvatica, and Nyssa aquatica (FSU Herbarium).

Phenology

Flowers and fruits January through August (FSU Herbarium).

Pollination

The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Salix caroliniana at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):

Apidae: Apis mellifera

Colletidae: Colletes brimleyi, Hylaeus confluens

Halictidae: Lasioglossum lepidii, L. pectoralis, L. placidensis, L. puteulanum

Leucospididae: Leucospis affinis

Sphecidae: Ectemnius decemmaculatus tequesta

Vespidae: Parancistrocerus perennis anacardivora, Polistes fuscatus, Stenodynerus histrionalis rufustus, Vespula squamosa, Zethus slossonae

References and notes

Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.

Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: J. Richard Abbott, Harry E. Ahles, Loran C. Anderson, L. Baltzell, A.S. Barclay, Tom Barnes, L.J. Brass, Dana Bryan, Nancy Coile, Kathy Craddock Burks, Delzie Demaree, R.F. Doren, J.A. Duke, Donna Marie Eggers, Patricia Elliott, E.S. Ford, Angus Gholson, Robert K. Godfrey, James W. Hardin, Robert R. Haynes, Mary C. Helms, R.D. Houk, S.B. Jones, Walter S. Judd, H. Kurz, Robert Kral, O. Lakela, Alex Lasseigne, Robert J. Lemaire, S.W. Leonard, Elbert L. Little Jr., Richard S. Mitchell, T. Myint, J.B. Nelson, Hugh O’Neill, R.A. Norris, Elmer C. Prichard, J.T. Powell, P.L. Redfearn Jr., A.J. Sharp, Cecil R. Slaughter, R.R. Smith, Edward E. Terrell, D.B. Ward, Christine Wilton. States and Counties: Alabama: Crenshaw, Perry.Arkansas: Searcy, Saline, Van Buren. Florida: Bay, Dade, Dixie, Franklin, Gadsden, Glades, Gulf, Hernando, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Orange, Pinellas, Putnam, Santa Rosa, St. Johns, Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton. Georgia: Bulloch, Camden, Decatur, McIntosh, Seminole. Missouri: Douglas, Greene, Iron, Stone, Taney. North Carolina: Beaufort, Craven, Hyde, Iredell, Perquimans, Pitt. South Carolina: Colleton. Tennessee: Dickson, Lewis. West Virginia: Raleigh. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.