Difference between revisions of "Pinus taeda"

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Common name: loblolly pine <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, old field pine <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>
 
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database -->
 
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{{taxobox
 
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==Taxonomic Notes==
 
==Taxonomic Notes==
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Synonyms: none
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Varieties: none
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==Description==  
 
==Description==  
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
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''P. taeda'' is a perennial tree of the ''Pinaceae'' family native to North America. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PITA https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PITA] </ref>
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==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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''P. taeda'' is found in the southeastern corner of the United States excluding Indiana and West Virginia. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/>
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==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
<!--===Phenology===--> <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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''P. taeda'' proliferates in forests, fields, and pine plantations. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from palm hammock ear edge of river, open pine woodland, small old field, mesic coastal palm oak hammock, loamy soil near small pond, palmetto flatwoods, open pasture, mixed hardwoods, and pine flatwoods. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Angus Gholson, Gary Knight, S.W. Leonard, Patricia Elliot, K. Craddock Burks, k. Studenroth, C. Florke, A.G. Shuey, J. Poppleton, D.B. Ward, S.S. Ward, T. Myint, P. Cmanor, S.Snedaker, Kurt Blum, J.M. Kane, T. MacClendon, K. MacClendon. States and counties: Florida (Franklin, Leon, Wakulla, Taylor, Gadsden, Leon, Jackson, Orange, Liberty, Levy, Jefferson, Lake, Escambia, Hamilton, St. Johns, Washington, Calhoun) Georgia (Thomas)</ref> When exposed to soil disturbance by military training in West Georgia, ''P. taeda'' responds negatively by way of absence.<ref>Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.</ref>
<!--===Seed dispersal===-->
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<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
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''Pinus taeda'' is frequent and abundant in the Peninsula Xeric Sandhills, North Florida Longleaf Woodlands, North Florida Subxeric Sandhills, Clayhill Longleaf Woodlands, and Upper Panhandle Savannas community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref>
<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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''P. taeda'' has been observed flowering in March. <ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 24 MAY 2018 </ref>
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===Seed dispersal===
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This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. <ref> Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref>
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===Seed bank and germination===
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Seeds of ''P. taeda'' have low viability after one year.<ref>Kirkman, L. K. and R. R. Sharitz (1994). Vegetation disturbance and maintenance of diversity in intermittently flooded Carolina bays in South Carolina. Ecological Applications 4: 177-188.</ref>
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===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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''P. taeda'' is fire resistant and has a high fire tolerance. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/>
 
<!--===Pollination===-->  
 
<!--===Pollination===-->  
 
<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
 
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==Conservation and Management==
 
==Conservation and Management==
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''P. taeda'' is listed as a weedy or invasive species by the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk Project Biological Resources Division. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/>
  
 
==Cultivation and restoration==
 
==Cultivation and restoration==

Revision as of 13:42, 31 July 2020

Common name: loblolly pine [1], old field pine [1]

Pinus taeda
Pinus taeda SEF.jpg
Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Species: P. taeda
Binomial name
Pinus taeda
L.
PINU TAED DIST.JPG
Natural range of Pinus taeda from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Taxonomic Notes

Synonyms: none

Varieties: none

Description

P. taeda is a perennial tree of the Pinaceae family native to North America. [2]

Distribution

P. taeda is found in the southeastern corner of the United States excluding Indiana and West Virginia. [2]

Ecology

Habitat

P. taeda proliferates in forests, fields, and pine plantations. [1] Specimens have been collected from palm hammock ear edge of river, open pine woodland, small old field, mesic coastal palm oak hammock, loamy soil near small pond, palmetto flatwoods, open pasture, mixed hardwoods, and pine flatwoods. [3] When exposed to soil disturbance by military training in West Georgia, P. taeda responds negatively by way of absence.[4]

Pinus taeda is frequent and abundant in the Peninsula Xeric Sandhills, North Florida Longleaf Woodlands, North Florida Subxeric Sandhills, Clayhill Longleaf Woodlands, and Upper Panhandle Savannas community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).[5]

Phenology

P. taeda has been observed flowering in March. [6]

Seed dispersal

This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. [7]

Seed bank and germination

Seeds of P. taeda have low viability after one year.[8]

Fire ecology

P. taeda is fire resistant and has a high fire tolerance. [2]

Conservation and Management

P. taeda is listed as a weedy or invasive species by the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk Project Biological Resources Division. [2]

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PITA
  3. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Angus Gholson, Gary Knight, S.W. Leonard, Patricia Elliot, K. Craddock Burks, k. Studenroth, C. Florke, A.G. Shuey, J. Poppleton, D.B. Ward, S.S. Ward, T. Myint, P. Cmanor, S.Snedaker, Kurt Blum, J.M. Kane, T. MacClendon, K. MacClendon. States and counties: Florida (Franklin, Leon, Wakulla, Taylor, Gadsden, Leon, Jackson, Orange, Liberty, Levy, Jefferson, Lake, Escambia, Hamilton, St. Johns, Washington, Calhoun) Georgia (Thomas)
  4. Dale, V.H., S.C. Beyeler, and B. Jackson. (2002). Understory vegetation indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in longleaf pine forests at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators 1(3):155-170.
  5. Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
  6. Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 24 MAY 2018
  7. Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
  8. Kirkman, L. K. and R. R. Sharitz (1994). Vegetation disturbance and maintenance of diversity in intermittently flooded Carolina bays in South Carolina. Ecological Applications 4: 177-188.