Difference between revisions of "Pinus echinata"

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Common names: Shortleaf pine <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
 
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Ideal habitats include dry rocky ridges, slopes, sandhills, old fields, forests, and generally xeric sites but can occur in mesic to wet sites.  <ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref>
 
Ideal habitats include dry rocky ridges, slopes, sandhills, old fields, forests, and generally xeric sites but can occur in mesic to wet sites.  <ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref>
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Longleaf pine regions are ideal environments for the ''P. echinata'' of shortleaf pine, where they share a dominance over the area. <ref name= "cipollini''>Cipollini, M. L., et al. (2012). "Herbaceous plants and grasses in a mountain longleaf pine forest  undergoing restoration: a survey and comparative study." Southeastern Naturalist 11: 637-668.</ref> Much of these ecosystems thrive with winter burns, particularly in old-fields. <ref name= "clewell" >Clewell, A. F. (2014). "Forest development 44 years after fire exclusion in formerly annually burned oldfield pine woodland, Florida." Castanea 79: 147-167.</ref>
 
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===Fire ecology===
 
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''P. echinata'' has an extremely high tolerance for fire. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
 
''P. echinata'' has an extremely high tolerance for fire. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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Instances of fire or prescribed burning will promote regeneration of the shortleaf pine. <ref name= "Elliot">Elliott, K. J. and J. M. Vose (2005). "Effects of understory prescribed burning on shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.)/mixed-hardwood forests." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 132: 236-251.</ref>. COntinued prescribed burning in a region can make for ideal habitats for shortleaf pine forests instead of hardwoods being predominate in the region. <ref name= "garren">Garren, K. H. (1943). "Effects of fire on vegetation of the southeastern United States." Botanical Review 9(9): 617-654.</ref>
 
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Shortleaf pines can provide habitats for the red-cockaded woodpecker; efforts at restoring the woodpeckers population in these environments include reintroduction of fire and constructing stands for the birds nesting. These prescribed burned shortleaf pine woods also provide a greater increase in small mammals in the region. <ref name= "USDA workshop" > The Role of Fire in Nongame Wildlife Management and Community Restoration: Traditional Uses and New Directions, Proceedings of a Special Workshop, 2000 </ref>
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Revision as of 16:25, 6 June 2018

Common names: Shortleaf pine [1]

Pinus echinata
Pinus echinata SEF.jpg
Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Species: P. echinata
Binomial name
Pinus echinata
Mill.
PINU ECHI DIST.JPG
Natural range of Pinus echinata from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Taxonomic Notes

Synonym: P. mitis (michaux)

Variety: none

Description

P. echinata is a perennial tree of the Pinaceae family that is native to North America. [1]

Distribution

Native to the southeastern Unites States, p. echinata is found as far north as New York and as far west as Texas and Oklahoma. [1]

Ecology

Habitat

P. echinata has adapted to coarse, fina and medium textured soils. It has a medium drought tolerance. It has a high intolerance to shade.[1]

Ideal habitats include dry rocky ridges, slopes, sandhills, old fields, forests, and generally xeric sites but can occur in mesic to wet sites. [2]

Longleaf pine regions are ideal environments for the P. echinata of shortleaf pine, where they share a dominance over the area. [3] Much of these ecosystems thrive with winter burns, particularly in old-fields. [4]

Phenology

Flowering occurs in March. [5]

Seedig begins in summer and will last through fall. [1]

Fire ecology

P. echinata has an extremely high tolerance for fire. [1]

Instances of fire or prescribed burning will promote regeneration of the shortleaf pine. [6]. COntinued prescribed burning in a region can make for ideal habitats for shortleaf pine forests instead of hardwoods being predominate in the region. [7] Shortleaf pines can provide habitats for the red-cockaded woodpecker; efforts at restoring the woodpeckers population in these environments include reintroduction of fire and constructing stands for the birds nesting. These prescribed burned shortleaf pine woods also provide a greater increase in small mammals in the region. [8]

Conservation and Management

Pinus echinata is considered endangered in Illinois[1]

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 USDA Plant Database
  2. ↑ Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
  3. ↑ Cipollini, M. L., et al. (2012). "Herbaceous plants and grasses in a mountain longleaf pine forest undergoing restoration: a survey and comparative study." Southeastern Naturalist 11: 637-668.
  4. ↑ Clewell, A. F. (2014). "Forest development 44 years after fire exclusion in formerly annually burned oldfield pine woodland, Florida." Castanea 79: 147-167.
  5. ↑ Pan Flora
  6. ↑ Elliott, K. J. and J. M. Vose (2005). "Effects of understory prescribed burning on shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.)/mixed-hardwood forests." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 132: 236-251.
  7. ↑ Garren, K. H. (1943). "Effects of fire on vegetation of the southeastern United States." Botanical Review 9(9): 617-654.
  8. ↑ The Role of Fire in Nongame Wildlife Management and Community Restoration: Traditional Uses and New Directions, Proceedings of a Special Workshop, 2000
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