Difference between revisions of "Passiflora incarnata"
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| − | Common name: | + | Common name: Purple passionflower<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/>, Maypop<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/> |
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: none | + | Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | Varieties: none | + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | ''P. incarnata'' is a perennial forb/herb/vine of the ''Passifloraceae'' family native to North America. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PAIN6 https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PAIN6] </ref> | + | ''P. incarnata'' is a perennial forb/herb/vine of the ''Passifloraceae'' family native to North America.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PAIN6 https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PAIN6] </ref> It climbs with axillary, simple tendrils. Its leaves are alternate, simple, and stipulate. The flowers are actinomorphic, solitary, ar fascicled in the leaf axils. There are five sepals, five petals, and a conspicuous corona. There are 5 stamens, 3 styles, capitate stigmas, and a 3-locular ovary. The sepals are 25-35 mm long, green on the outer surface, white on the inner surface. The petals are 30-40 mm long, lavender, violet, or mauve. The berry is 40-70 mm long, while the corona is in 2-3 series, the longer being 15-30 mm long.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref><ref name="radford">Radford, A. E., Ahles, H. E., & Bell, C. R. (1968). Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | This plant is a smooth vine with finely hairy stems climbing to a height of 10 to 30 feet. Its smooth or somewhat hairy leaves, 3 to 5 inches broad, consist of three oval or egg-shaped lobes with finely toothed margins. The flowers, which appear from May to July, are solitary and are characterized by a lavender and purple or pink and purple fringe 1 1/2 to 2 inches broad. The plant produces smooth, yellow, many-seeded, edible fruit almost 2 inches long, called maypops.<ref name= "Sievers 1930"> Sievers, A. F. (1930). American medicinal plants of commercial importance. Washington, USDA. </ref> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''P. incarnata'' | + | ''P. incarnata'' ranges from southern New Jersey, Deleware, Maryland, southwestern Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Oklahoma, then south to southern Florida and southern Texas.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''P. incarnata'' proliferates in roadsides, fencerows, thickets, and fields. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from pine flatwoods, fields, roadside, live oak hammock, old field, sandysoils, fence row, open pasture, waste area, old brick wall, and shore of lake. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: D.L. Fichtner, P.L. Redfearn, Jean Wooten, O. Lakela, P.O. Schallert, Lovett Williams Jr., J.P. Gillespie, William Masters, S.W. Leonard, Gwynn Ramsey, Larry Stripling, R.K. Godfrey, Kurt Blum, Dave Breil, David Thompson, Nancy Caswell, Michael Cartrett, R.F. Doren, Kathy Craddock Burks, Gary Knight, Robert Kral, N.C. Henderson, R.F> Christensen, Samuel B. Jones, John Bruza, H.F.L. Rock, Norma Hammill, Roomie Wilson, William Gills, A.E. Radford, Lindheimer, Loran Anderson, Kevin Oakes, Chris Cooksey, Lise Keppner, William Platt, John Nelson, Robert Loftin, B.J., Wm. Damiano, E.C. Prichard, James Shelley, Jo Davidsmeyer, Shirley Wingfield. States and counties: Florida (Leon, Polk, Levy, Hillsborough, Seminole, Franklin, Orange, Madison, Dixie, Jackson, Jefferson, Calhoun, Wakulla, Washington, Volusia, Lake) Georgia (Towns, Thomas, Grady, Cobb, Calhoun, Mitchell) Tennessee (Davidson, Montgomery) Missouri (Christen, Bates) Mississippi (Pike, Forrest, Lincoln) Alabama (Geneva) Louisiana (Jefferson, Oachita) South Carolina (Richland, Bamberg) North Carolina (Martin) Texas (Comanche)</ref> | + | ''P. incarnata'' proliferates in roadsides, fencerows, thickets, and fields.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from pine flatwoods, fields, roadside, live oak hammock, old field, sandysoils, fence row, open pasture, waste area, old brick wall, and shore of lake.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: D.L. Fichtner, P.L. Redfearn, Jean Wooten, O. Lakela, P.O. Schallert, Lovett Williams Jr., J.P. Gillespie, William Masters, S.W. Leonard, Gwynn Ramsey, Larry Stripling, R.K. Godfrey, Kurt Blum, Dave Breil, David Thompson, Nancy Caswell, Michael Cartrett, R.F. Doren, Kathy Craddock Burks, Gary Knight, Robert Kral, N.C. Henderson, R.F> Christensen, Samuel B. Jones, John Bruza, H.F.L. Rock, Norma Hammill, Roomie Wilson, William Gills, A.E. Radford, Lindheimer, Loran Anderson, Kevin Oakes, Chris Cooksey, Lise Keppner, William Platt, John Nelson, Robert Loftin, B.J., Wm. Damiano, E.C. Prichard, James Shelley, Jo Davidsmeyer, Shirley Wingfield. States and counties: Florida (Leon, Polk, Levy, Hillsborough, Seminole, Franklin, Orange, Madison, Dixie, Jackson, Jefferson, Calhoun, Wakulla, Washington, Volusia, Lake) Georgia (Towns, Thomas, Grady, Cobb, Calhoun, Mitchell) Tennessee (Davidson, Montgomery) Missouri (Christen, Bates) Mississippi (Pike, Forrest, Lincoln) Alabama (Geneva) Louisiana (Jefferson, Oachita) South Carolina (Richland, Bamberg) North Carolina (Martin) Texas (Comanche)</ref> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''P. incarnata'' | + | ''P. incarnata'' flowers from May through July.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | |||
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| − | This species is thought to be dispersed by consumption by vertebrates. <ref> Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> | + | This species is thought to be dispersed by consumption by vertebrates.<ref> Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> |
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
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==Conservation and Management== | ==Conservation and Management== | ||
| − | ''P. incarnata'' is listed as rare by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Nature Preserves, as threatened by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, and as a weedy or invasive species by the University Press of Kentucky and the Southern Weed Science Society. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | + | ''P. incarnata'' is listed as rare by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Nature Preserves, as threatened by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, and as a weedy or invasive species by the University Press of Kentucky and the Southern Weed Science Society.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> |
==Cultivation and restoration== | ==Cultivation and restoration== | ||
Revision as of 16:17, 2 October 2020
Common name: Purple passionflower[1], Maypop[2]
| Passiflora incarnata | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Violales |
| Family: | Passifloraceae |
| Genus: | Passiflora |
| Species: | P. incarnata |
| Binomial name | |
| Passiflora incarnata L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Passiflora incarnata from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: none.[3]
Varieties: none.[3]
Description
P. incarnata is a perennial forb/herb/vine of the Passifloraceae family native to North America.[1] It climbs with axillary, simple tendrils. Its leaves are alternate, simple, and stipulate. The flowers are actinomorphic, solitary, ar fascicled in the leaf axils. There are five sepals, five petals, and a conspicuous corona. There are 5 stamens, 3 styles, capitate stigmas, and a 3-locular ovary. The sepals are 25-35 mm long, green on the outer surface, white on the inner surface. The petals are 30-40 mm long, lavender, violet, or mauve. The berry is 40-70 mm long, while the corona is in 2-3 series, the longer being 15-30 mm long.[3][4]
This plant is a smooth vine with finely hairy stems climbing to a height of 10 to 30 feet. Its smooth or somewhat hairy leaves, 3 to 5 inches broad, consist of three oval or egg-shaped lobes with finely toothed margins. The flowers, which appear from May to July, are solitary and are characterized by a lavender and purple or pink and purple fringe 1 1/2 to 2 inches broad. The plant produces smooth, yellow, many-seeded, edible fruit almost 2 inches long, called maypops.[5]
Distribution
P. incarnata ranges from southern New Jersey, Deleware, Maryland, southwestern Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Oklahoma, then south to southern Florida and southern Texas.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
P. incarnata proliferates in roadsides, fencerows, thickets, and fields.[2] Specimens have been collected from pine flatwoods, fields, roadside, live oak hammock, old field, sandysoils, fence row, open pasture, waste area, old brick wall, and shore of lake.[6]
Phenology
P. incarnata flowers from May through July.[3]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by consumption by vertebrates.[7]
Conservation and Management
P. incarnata is listed as rare by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Nature Preserves, as threatened by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, and as a weedy or invasive species by the University Press of Kentucky and the Southern Weed Science Society.[1]
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PAIN6
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Radford, A. E., Ahles, H. E., & Bell, C. R. (1968). Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
- ↑ Sievers, A. F. (1930). American medicinal plants of commercial importance. Washington, USDA.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: D.L. Fichtner, P.L. Redfearn, Jean Wooten, O. Lakela, P.O. Schallert, Lovett Williams Jr., J.P. Gillespie, William Masters, S.W. Leonard, Gwynn Ramsey, Larry Stripling, R.K. Godfrey, Kurt Blum, Dave Breil, David Thompson, Nancy Caswell, Michael Cartrett, R.F. Doren, Kathy Craddock Burks, Gary Knight, Robert Kral, N.C. Henderson, R.F> Christensen, Samuel B. Jones, John Bruza, H.F.L. Rock, Norma Hammill, Roomie Wilson, William Gills, A.E. Radford, Lindheimer, Loran Anderson, Kevin Oakes, Chris Cooksey, Lise Keppner, William Platt, John Nelson, Robert Loftin, B.J., Wm. Damiano, E.C. Prichard, James Shelley, Jo Davidsmeyer, Shirley Wingfield. States and counties: Florida (Leon, Polk, Levy, Hillsborough, Seminole, Franklin, Orange, Madison, Dixie, Jackson, Jefferson, Calhoun, Wakulla, Washington, Volusia, Lake) Georgia (Towns, Thomas, Grady, Cobb, Calhoun, Mitchell) Tennessee (Davidson, Montgomery) Missouri (Christen, Bates) Mississippi (Pike, Forrest, Lincoln) Alabama (Geneva) Louisiana (Jefferson, Oachita) South Carolina (Richland, Bamberg) North Carolina (Martin) Texas (Comanche)
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
