Difference between revisions of "Manfreda virginica"
(→Conservation and Management) |
Krobertson (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | This species can be found in well drained or poorly drained slopes of longleaf pine forests, savannas, and mesic pine-hardwood forest remnants | + | This species can be found in well drained or poorly drained slopes of longleaf pine forests, savannas, and mesic pine-hardwood forest remnants. <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, Loran C. Anderson, and Annie Schmidt. States and Counties: Florida: Leon and Washington. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.</ref> It is found in sandy loam habitats and soils are upland coastal plain type with little slope and low fertility, in Louisiana (<ref name="Miller et al 1999">Miller, J. H., R. S. Boyd, et al. (1999). "Floristic diversity, stand structure, and composition 11 years after herbicide site preparation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1073-1083.</ref>, Thill 1983). It thrives in semi-shaded areas to open areas as well. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Associated species include longleaf pine, wiregrass, and hardwoods. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | This species has been seen flowering and fruiting in July | + | This species has been seen flowering and fruiting in July. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | This species is found in annually burned areas | + | This species is found in annually burned areas. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | ''M. virginica'' is pollinated both diurnally and nocturnally, with observations suggesting that bumblebees are the predominant floral visitors | + | ''M. virginica'' is pollinated both diurnally and nocturnally, with observations suggesting that bumblebees are the predominant floral visitors. <ref name="Groman and Pellmyr 1999">Groman, J. D. and O. Pellmyr (1999). "The pollination biology of Manfreda virginica (Agavaceae): relative contribution of diurnal and nocturnal visitors." Oikos 87: 373-381.</ref> ''Bombus pennsylvanicus'' and ''Hemaris diffinis'' are critical diurnal pollinators; however, diurnally pollinated plants were observed to produce significantly lower seed set than nocturnally and open pollinated plants. <ref name="Groman and Pellmyr 1999"/> Hence nocturnal visitors contribute more to ''M. virginica'' reproduction despite frequent diurnal visits. <ref name="Groman and Pellmyr 1999"/> |
<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | <!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| Line 55: | Line 55: | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
Revision as of 09:18, 3 August 2016
| Manfreda virginica | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida – Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Agavaceae |
| Genus: | Manfreda |
| Species: | M. virginica |
| Binomial name | |
| Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose | |
| |
| Natural range of Manfreda virginica from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: false aloe
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Agave virginica Linnaeus; Manfreda tigrina (Engelmann) Small; M. virginica; Polianthes virginica (Linnaeus) Shinners
Description
A description of Manfreda virginica is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
This species can be found in well drained or poorly drained slopes of longleaf pine forests, savannas, and mesic pine-hardwood forest remnants. [1] It is found in sandy loam habitats and soils are upland coastal plain type with little slope and low fertility, in Louisiana ([2], Thill 1983). It thrives in semi-shaded areas to open areas as well. [1] Associated species include longleaf pine, wiregrass, and hardwoods. [1]
Phenology
This species has been seen flowering and fruiting in July. [1]
Fire ecology
This species is found in annually burned areas. [1]
Pollination
M. virginica is pollinated both diurnally and nocturnally, with observations suggesting that bumblebees are the predominant floral visitors. [3] Bombus pennsylvanicus and Hemaris diffinis are critical diurnal pollinators; however, diurnally pollinated plants were observed to produce significantly lower seed set than nocturnally and open pollinated plants. [3] Hence nocturnal visitors contribute more to M. virginica reproduction despite frequent diurnal visits. [3]
Conservation and management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
Manfreda virginica Photo by Michelle Smith
at Garcon Point Water Management Area, Pensacola, FL.
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, Loran C. Anderson, and Annie Schmidt. States and Counties: Florida: Leon and Washington. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.
- ↑ Miller, J. H., R. S. Boyd, et al. (1999). "Floristic diversity, stand structure, and composition 11 years after herbicide site preparation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1073-1083.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Groman, J. D. and O. Pellmyr (1999). "The pollination biology of Manfreda virginica (Agavaceae): relative contribution of diurnal and nocturnal visitors." Oikos 87: 373-381.
