Difference between revisions of "Linum floridanum"

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Common name: Florida yellow flax
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Common name: Florida yellow flax, yellow-fruited yellow flax<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
 
==Taxonomic notes==
 
==Taxonomic notes==
Synonyms: ''L. virginianum'' var. ''floridanum'' Planchon; ''Cathartolinum floridanum'' (Planchon) Small; ''Cathartolinum macrosepalum'' Small
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Synonyms: none<ref name=weakley/>
  
 
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Varieties: ''Linum floridanum'' (Planchon) Trelease ''var. chrysocarpum''; ''Linum floridanum'' (Planchon) Trelease ''var. floridanum''; ''Cathartolinum macrosepalum'' Small<ref name=weakley/>
Variety: ''Linum floridanum'' (Planchon) Trelease var. ''chrysocarpum'' C.M. Rogers;
 
  
 
==Description==  
 
==Description==  
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
"Annual, biennial, or short lived perennial herbs with 1-several strict stems from a crown, usually branched above. Leaves cauline, opposite or alternate, entire, acute to acuminate, sessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence a panicle of racemes or cymes. Flower perfect, actinomorphic, pedicellate; sepals 5, separate or basally adnate; pistil 5-carpellate, styles 5, each carpel divided at maturity, the pistil then appearing 10-carpellate. Seeds lustrous brown, obovoid to ellipsoid." <ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 645-6. Print.</ref>
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"Annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial herbs with 1-several strict stems from a crown, usually branched above. Leaves cauline, opposite or alternate, entire, acute to acuminate, sessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence a panicle of racemes or cymes. Flower perfect, actinomorphic, pedicellate; sepals 5, separate or basally adnate; pistil 5-carpellate, styles 5, each carpel divided at maturity, the pistil then appearing 10-carpellate. Seeds lustrous brown, obovoid to ellipsoid."<ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 645-6. Print.</ref>
  
"Perennial with 1-several stems 3-8 dm tall, from a crown. Leaves mostly alternate, lowest often opposite, narrowly elliptic to linear, 0.8-2.5 cm long, 1-7 mm wide, acute. Pedicels 1-3 mm long. Sepals lanceolate, 2-3 mm long, acute to acuminate, entire or glandular serrate; petals yellow, 4-8 mm long. Capsule ovoid or oblate, 1.3-3 mm long. Seeds 1-1.3 mm long." <ref name="Radford et al 1964"/>
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"Perennial with 1-several stems 3-8 dm tall, from a crown. Leaves mostly alternate, lowest often opposite, narrowly elliptic to linear, 0.8-2.5 cm long, 1-7 mm wide, acute. Pedicels 1-3 mm long. Sepals lanceolate, 2-3 mm long, acute to acuminate, entire or glandular serrate; petals yellow, 4-8 mm long. Capsule ovoid or oblate, 1.3-3 mm long. Seeds 1-1.3 mm long."<ref name="Radford et al 1964"/>
  
"Leaves 0.8-5 mm wide. Branches of inflorescence ascending. Inner sepals densely glandular serrulate. Capsule ovoid, 2-3 mm long." <ref name="Radford et al 1964"/>
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"Leaves 0.8-5 mm wide. Branches of inflorescence ascending. Inner sepals are densely glandular serrulate. Capsule ovoid, 2-3 mm long."<ref name="Radford et al 1964"/>
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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''L. floridanum var. chrysocarpum'' ranges from southeast North Carolina, south to southern Florida, and west to southern Mississippi. ''L. floridanum var. floridanum'' has a similar range, except it is additionally located in Lousiana and the West Indies.<ref name=weakley/>
 +
 
==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
This species can be found in open wiregrass seepage savannas, longleaf pine forests, and disturbed areas such as ditches. <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014.  Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, M. Davis, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> The soils have been observed to be moist and/or dry loamy sands within well-drained uplands. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Associated species include ''Pinus palutris, Aristida stricta, Sarracenia,'' and ''Harperocallis''. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/>
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This species can be found in open wiregrass seepage savannas, longleaf pine forests, and disturbed areas such as ditches.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014.  Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, M. Davis, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> The soils have been observed to be moist and/or dry loamy sands within well-drained uplands.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Associated species include ''Pinus palutris, Aristida stricta, Sarracenia,'' and ''Harperocallis''.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/>
  
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
This species has been observed flowering in June and July.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/><ref>Nelson, G.  [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/  Accessed: 12 DEC 2016</ref>
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''L. floridanum'' flowers from June through October.<ref name=weakley/>
  
 
===Seed dispersal===
 
===Seed dispersal===
This species disperses by gravity. <ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref>   
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This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.<ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref>   
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
  
 
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
 
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
This species occurs in areas that are annually burned. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> In an open wet pine savanna in Mississippi, the highest densities of flowering stalks for ''L. floridanum'' were observed one year after fire. <ref name=hin> Hinman, S. E. and J. S. Brewer (2007). "Responses of two frequently-burned wet pine savannas to an extended period without fire." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134: 512-526. </ref>
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This species occurs in areas that are annually burned.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> In an open wet pine savanna in Mississippi, the highest densities of flowering stalks for ''L. floridanum'' were observed one year after fire.<ref name=hin> Hinman, S. E. and J. S. Brewer (2007). "Responses of two frequently-burned wet pine savannas to an extended period without fire." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134: 512-526. </ref>
 
<!--===Pollination===-->  
 
<!--===Pollination===-->  
<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
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<!--===Herbivory and toxicology===-->
 
<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
 
<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
  
==Conservation and management==
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
  
==Cultivation and restoration==
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==Cultural use==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
<gallery widths=180px>

Latest revision as of 13:04, 15 June 2023

Linum floridanum
Linu flori.jpg
Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Order: Linales
Family: Linaceae
Genus: Linum
Species: L. floridanum
Binomial name
Linum floridanum
(Planch.) Trel.
LINU FLOR dist.jpg
Natural range of Linum floridanum from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: Florida yellow flax, yellow-fruited yellow flax[1]

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: none[1]

Varieties: Linum floridanum (Planchon) Trelease var. chrysocarpum; Linum floridanum (Planchon) Trelease var. floridanum; Cathartolinum macrosepalum Small[1]

Description

"Annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial herbs with 1-several strict stems from a crown, usually branched above. Leaves cauline, opposite or alternate, entire, acute to acuminate, sessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence a panicle of racemes or cymes. Flower perfect, actinomorphic, pedicellate; sepals 5, separate or basally adnate; pistil 5-carpellate, styles 5, each carpel divided at maturity, the pistil then appearing 10-carpellate. Seeds lustrous brown, obovoid to ellipsoid."[2]

"Perennial with 1-several stems 3-8 dm tall, from a crown. Leaves mostly alternate, lowest often opposite, narrowly elliptic to linear, 0.8-2.5 cm long, 1-7 mm wide, acute. Pedicels 1-3 mm long. Sepals lanceolate, 2-3 mm long, acute to acuminate, entire or glandular serrate; petals yellow, 4-8 mm long. Capsule ovoid or oblate, 1.3-3 mm long. Seeds 1-1.3 mm long."[2]

"Leaves 0.8-5 mm wide. Branches of inflorescence ascending. Inner sepals are densely glandular serrulate. Capsule ovoid, 2-3 mm long."[2]

Distribution

L. floridanum var. chrysocarpum ranges from southeast North Carolina, south to southern Florida, and west to southern Mississippi. L. floridanum var. floridanum has a similar range, except it is additionally located in Lousiana and the West Indies.[1]

Ecology

Habitat

This species can be found in open wiregrass seepage savannas, longleaf pine forests, and disturbed areas such as ditches.[3] The soils have been observed to be moist and/or dry loamy sands within well-drained uplands.[3] Associated species include Pinus palutris, Aristida stricta, Sarracenia, and Harperocallis.[3]

Phenology

L. floridanum flowers from June through October.[1]

Seed dispersal

This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.[4]

Fire ecology

This species occurs in areas that are annually burned.[3] In an open wet pine savanna in Mississippi, the highest densities of flowering stalks for L. floridanum were observed one year after fire.[5]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Cultural use

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 645-6. Print.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, M. Davis, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Thomas.
  4. Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
  5. Hinman, S. E. and J. S. Brewer (2007). "Responses of two frequently-burned wet pine savannas to an extended period without fire." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134: 512-526.