Difference between revisions of "Indigofera caroliniana"

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==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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''Indigofera caroliniana'' is distributed from eastern North Carolina south to southern Florida, and west to southeastern Louisiana. It is considered a Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic species.<ref name= "Weakley">Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref>
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==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->

Revision as of 15:06, 31 May 2019

Indigofera caroliniana
Indi car2.jpg
Photo by Karan A. Rawlins, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae
Genus: Indigofera
Species: I. caroliniana
Binomial name
Indigofera caroliniana
Mill.
INDO CARO dist.jpg
Natural range of Indigofera caroliniana from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: Carolina indigo; wild indigo

Taxonomic notes

Description

Where this species is found, it is frequent. [1]


"Suffruticose herb 0.5-1.2 (2) m tall. Leaves odd-pinnate, 5-10 cm long with a slightly strigillose rachis; leaflets 9-15, mostly obovate to oblanceolate, 1-2.5 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, minutely strigillose on both surfaces, trichomes appearing as though attached at their middle, estipellate. Racemes pedunculate, axillary or terminal, 6-20 cm long usually longer than subtending leaf, slender, with numerous, loosely arranged flowers; pedicel ca. 1 mm long, subtended by a triangular, subulate bract 0.8-1 mm long, lobes 0.20.4 mm long; petals pinkish to yellowish brown, the standard and keel 5-6 mm long, the wings 1-2 mm shorter and adherent to the laterally pouched keel petals; stamens diadelphous, 9 and 1, with the connective extended above the anthers. Legume 5-10 mm long, short-stipitate, beaked, 1-3 seeded." [2]

Distribution

Indigofera caroliniana is distributed from eastern North Carolina south to southern Florida, and west to southeastern Louisiana. It is considered a Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic species.[3]

Ecology

Habitat

It is found along the edges of flatwoods, mixed woodlands, upland ridges, deciduous forests, slash pine-hardwood stands, sand pine scrub, and sand ridges. [1] This species grows in sand and sandy loam in open areas. [1] This species also occurs outside of its natural environments in human disturbed areas such as open fields, bulldozed scrub oak sand hills, clobbered slash pine and hardwood fields, and wood pastures. [1] Associated species include Longleaf pine, Turkey oak, Slash pine, Sand live oak, myrtle oak, sand pine, chapman oak, Cuthbertia, Rhynchosia, and Pediomelium, Shortleaf pine, red oak, Mockernut hickory, Wiregrass, and Bluejack oak. [1]

Phenology

I. caroliniana has been observed flowering in April, June through August, and in December with peak inflorescence in July.[1][4] It has been observed fruiting June through September.[1]


Fire ecology

This species occurs in areas that is burned. [1]

Pollination

The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Indigofera caroliniana at Archbold Biological Station: [5]

Halictidae: Lasioglossum placidensis

Megachilidae: Anthidiellum perplexus

Use by animals

Deyrup observed these bees, Anthidiellum notatuin rufimaculatum, A. perplexum,Megachile albitarsis on I. caroliniana.[6]

Conservation and management

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Ed Keppner, Lisa Keppner, Loran C. Anderson, James R. Burkhalter, R.K. Godfrey, R. C. Phillips, C. Jackson, R L Lazor, Sidney McDaniel, Richard S. Mitchell, R. Kral, D. B. Ward, J. Beckner, O. Lakela, L. J. Brass, Roland McKee, Rodie White, Andre F. Clewell, R. Komarek, Richard R. Clinebell II, Cecil R Slaughter, B. E. Smith, R. L. Wilbur, William B. Fox, L. A. Whitford, James W. Hardin, Wilbur H Duncan, Ted Bradley, John Stevenson, H. R. Reed, John B. Nelson, A. Goodyear, R. Wetmore, Brian R. Keener, and Wayne K. Webb. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Collier, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Hernando, Highlands, Jackson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Taylor, Wakulla, and Walton. Georgia: Grady, McIntosh, Thomas, and Tift. South Carolina: Darlington. North Carolina: Bladen, Brunswick, Richland, and Sampson. Alabama: Henry, Mobile, and Wilcox.
  2. Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 624. Print.
  3. Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
  4. Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016
  5. Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
  6. Deyrup, M. J. E., and Beth Norden (2002). "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." Insecta mundi 16(1-3).