Difference between revisions of "Hypoxis wrightii"
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{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Hypoxis wrightii | | name = Hypoxis wrightii | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Hypo_wrig.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by Guy Anglin, [http://www.florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Default.aspx Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | Common | + | Common names: Wright's star-grass, Bristleseed yellow stargrass<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: ''Hypoxis micrantha'' Pollard.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | A description of ''Hypoxis wrightii'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101693 The Flora of North America]. | + | A description of ''Hypoxis wrightii'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101693 The Flora of North America]. ''H. wrightii'' is a perennial, geocarpic herb with a cryptic life cycle. The stem is buried 2 to 3 centimeters below the soil surface with grass-like leaves arranged in a rosette above.<ref name=her> Herndon, A. (1988). "Ecology and Systematics of Hypoxis sessilis and H. wrightii (Hypoxidaceae) in Southern Florida." American Journal of Botany 75(12): 1803-1812. </ref> |
| − | |||
| − | ''H. wrightii'' is a perennial, geocarpic herb with a cryptic life cycle. The stem is buried 2 to 3 centimeters below the soil surface with grass-like leaves arranged in a rosette above ( | ||
| − | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | This species occurs from southeast Virginia to southern Florida, and west to Texas. It also occurs in the West Indies.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | Habitats include wet pine savannas, seasonally flooded prairies, moist roadsides, and in Florida has been found in limestone glades <ref name="bios">[[http://bios.conabio.gob.mx/especies/6022613.pdf]] Accessed: January 6, 2016</ref> | + | Habitats include wet pine savannas, seasonally flooded prairies, moist roadsides, and in Florida it has been found in limestone glades.<ref name="bios">[[http://bios.conabio.gob.mx/especies/6022613.pdf]] Accessed: January 6, 2016</ref><ref name=fsu>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Ann Johnson, L.B. Trott. States and Counties: Florida: Gadsden, Jackson, Wakulla. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy. </ref><ref name=her/> It can mostly be found in frequently-burned communities due to the strong flowering response after fires. <ref name=her/> Grows in loamy calcareous sand and sandy loam. Associated species include ''Schoenus, Juniperus'', and ''Sideroxylon''.<ref name=fsu/> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''H. wrightii'' is geocarpic with a cryptic life cycle. It produces both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. Individuals bud and fruit throughout the entire year, however, reproductive activity is the highest during the rainy summer months and the | + | ''H. wrightii'' is geocarpic with a cryptic life cycle. It produces both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. Individuals bud and fruit throughout the entire year, however, reproductive activity is the highest during the rainy summer months and the lowest during the dry winter months.<ref name=her/> Herbarium specimen have documented this species flowering in May.<ref name=fsu/> Kevin Robertson has observed this species flower within three months of burning. [[KMR]] It has been observed flowering from February to July and in September with peak inflorescence in April. <ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016</ref> |
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| − | The seeds are small | + | The seeds are small and hard to differentiate without a microscope from other ''Hypoxis'' species. They are dull dark brown, with wrinkled, detached cuticles.<ref name=zon> Zona, S., J. Prince, et al. (2009). "A Seed Atlas of Hypoxis from Eastern North America." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 136(1): 26-32. </ref> Tepals persist on the seed through maturity.<ref name=her/> This species is thought to be dispersed by wind.<ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> |
===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| + | Quickly growing and reproducing after fire allows ''H. wrightii'' to disperse seeds into an ideal habitat for germination and establishment.<ref name=her/> | ||
| + | |||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | ''H. wrightii'' grows frequently in burned communities and | + | ''H. wrightii'' grows frequently in burned communities and has a strong reproductive response to burning. It is favorable to grow and reproduce quickly after a fire, allowing for ideal seedling establishment and germination. Fire stimulates ''H. wrightii'' to produce a two-flowered inflorescence. Inflorescences that are produced immediately after fire tend to be longer than those produced three or more months post-fire. Three months post-fire has been observed to be the highest reproductive period. Tepal length has also been recorded to be longer in flowers produced soon after a fire compared to flowers produced later. The early chasmogamous flowers produce fewer seeds following a fire compared to later cleistogamous flowers. The transition from chasmogamous to cleistogamous flowers occurred rapidly, with chasmogamous flowers being produced for a maximum of four weeks. It is speculated that reproduction rates are high following fire due to increased light levels by removing the litter layer, soil fertility, and the increase in the availability of soil water and nutrient reserves.<ref name=her/> |
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | ||
| + | It has been observed that in the first year post-fire there was a high rate of leaf destruction by grazing vertebrates, mainly the cottontail rabbit and whitetail deer.<ref name=her/> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 14:51, 1 July 2022
| Hypoxis wrightii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Guy Anglin, Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Liliaceae |
| Genus: | Hypoxis |
| Species: | H. wrightii |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypoxis wrightii (Baker) Brackett | |
| |
| Natural range of Hypoxis wrightii from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Wright's star-grass, Bristleseed yellow stargrass[1]
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Hypoxis micrantha Pollard.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
Description
A description of Hypoxis wrightii is provided in The Flora of North America. H. wrightii is a perennial, geocarpic herb with a cryptic life cycle. The stem is buried 2 to 3 centimeters below the soil surface with grass-like leaves arranged in a rosette above.[2]
Distribution
This species occurs from southeast Virginia to southern Florida, and west to Texas. It also occurs in the West Indies.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
Habitats include wet pine savannas, seasonally flooded prairies, moist roadsides, and in Florida it has been found in limestone glades.[3][4][2] It can mostly be found in frequently-burned communities due to the strong flowering response after fires. [2] Grows in loamy calcareous sand and sandy loam. Associated species include Schoenus, Juniperus, and Sideroxylon.[4]
Phenology
H. wrightii is geocarpic with a cryptic life cycle. It produces both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. Individuals bud and fruit throughout the entire year, however, reproductive activity is the highest during the rainy summer months and the lowest during the dry winter months.[2] Herbarium specimen have documented this species flowering in May.[4] Kevin Robertson has observed this species flower within three months of burning. KMR It has been observed flowering from February to July and in September with peak inflorescence in April. [5]
Seed dispersal
The seeds are small and hard to differentiate without a microscope from other Hypoxis species. They are dull dark brown, with wrinkled, detached cuticles.[6] Tepals persist on the seed through maturity.[2] This species is thought to be dispersed by wind.[7]
Seed bank and germination
Quickly growing and reproducing after fire allows H. wrightii to disperse seeds into an ideal habitat for germination and establishment.[2]
Fire ecology
H. wrightii grows frequently in burned communities and has a strong reproductive response to burning. It is favorable to grow and reproduce quickly after a fire, allowing for ideal seedling establishment and germination. Fire stimulates H. wrightii to produce a two-flowered inflorescence. Inflorescences that are produced immediately after fire tend to be longer than those produced three or more months post-fire. Three months post-fire has been observed to be the highest reproductive period. Tepal length has also been recorded to be longer in flowers produced soon after a fire compared to flowers produced later. The early chasmogamous flowers produce fewer seeds following a fire compared to later cleistogamous flowers. The transition from chasmogamous to cleistogamous flowers occurred rapidly, with chasmogamous flowers being produced for a maximum of four weeks. It is speculated that reproduction rates are high following fire due to increased light levels by removing the litter layer, soil fertility, and the increase in the availability of soil water and nutrient reserves.[2]
Herbivory and toxicology
It has been observed that in the first year post-fire there was a high rate of leaf destruction by grazing vertebrates, mainly the cottontail rabbit and whitetail deer.[2]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Herndon, A. (1988). "Ecology and Systematics of Hypoxis sessilis and H. wrightii (Hypoxidaceae) in Southern Florida." American Journal of Botany 75(12): 1803-1812.
- ↑ [[1]] Accessed: January 6, 2016
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Ann Johnson, L.B. Trott. States and Counties: Florida: Gadsden, Jackson, Wakulla. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016
- ↑ Zona, S., J. Prince, et al. (2009). "A Seed Atlas of Hypoxis from Eastern North America." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 136(1): 26-32.
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
