Difference between revisions of "Hypericum setosum"
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| − | Common name: | + | Common name: hairy St. John's-wort |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: none.<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
''Hypericum setosum'' is a perennial herbaceous species. | ''Hypericum setosum'' is a perennial herbaceous species. | ||
| − | “Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric or oblong. In general our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.” | + | “Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric, or oblong. In general, our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.”<ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 709-715. Print.</ref> |
| − | "Erect, pubescent annual or biennial, 2-7.5 dm tall, sparingly branched. Leaves ascending, elliptic lanceolate, or ovate, 1-nerved, 3-15 mm long, 2—8 mm wide, acute, base clasping, sessile. Flowers alternate or terminal, ascending branches. Sepals 5, ciliate, 3-4.5 mm long; petals 5, 4-7 mm long; stamens numerous, in clusters; stigmas capitates, styles 3 or4, separate, 1.5-2.5 mm long, ovary 1-locular. Capsules ovoid, 4-5 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm broad seeds yellow, 0.5 mm long." <ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> | + | "Erect, pubescent annual or biennial, 2-7.5 dm tall, sparingly branched. Leaves ascending, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate, 1-nerved, 3-15 mm long, 2—8 mm wide, acute, base clasping, sessile. Flowers alternate or terminal, ascending branches. Sepals 5, ciliate, 3-4.5 mm long; petals 5, 4-7 mm long; stamens numerous, in clusters; stigmas capitates, styles 3 or4, separate, 1.5-2.5 mm long, ovary 1-locular. Capsules ovoid, 4-5 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm broad seeds yellow, 0.5 mm long."<ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''Hypericum setosum'' is | + | ''Hypericum setosum'' is endemic to the longleaf pine forest range<ref>Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.</ref> from southeastern Virginia south to central peninsular Florida, and west to southeastern Texas.<ref name=weakley/> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | Generally ''H. setosum'' can be found in wet pine flatwoods, pine savannas, adjacent ditches, boggy areas, scrapes, and | + | Generally, ''H. setosum'' can be found in wet pine flatwoods, pine savannas, adjacent ditches, boggy areas, scrapes, and fire plow lines.<ref name=weakley/> It mainly occurs in moist or dry loamy sand and seems to prefer light, open conditions. It can be found in pinewoods, bordering swampy depressions, and in open wiregrass flats in longleaf pinelands. On the other hand, this species also appears in disturbed areas, including ditches and power line corridors.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, R. A. Norris, and M. Davis. States and Counties: Florida: Gadsden, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.</ref> In the southeastern gulf coastal plain, this species is listed by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service as a facultative wetland species that most often occurs in wetland habitats, but can occasionally be found in non-wetland habitats.<ref name= "USDA">USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 28 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.</ref> Additionally, it is considered an indicator species of the upper panhandle savannas in Florida.<ref name= "Carr">Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.</ref> |
Associated species include ''Pinus palutris'' and ''Aristida stricta''.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | Associated species include ''Pinus palutris'' and ''Aristida stricta''.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''H. setosum'' generally flowers from May until September.<ref name= | + | ''H. setosum'' generally flowers from May until September.<ref name=weakley/> It has been observed flowering in July, August, and September, while fruiting has been observed in September and October.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016</ref> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
| Line 44: | Line 48: | ||
Several short-lived perennial forbs also have a seed bank persistent for at least several years.<ref name="Platt et al 2006">Platt, W. J., S. M. Carr, et al. (2006). "Pine savanna overstorey influences on ground-cover biodiversity." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 37-50.</ref> | Several short-lived perennial forbs also have a seed bank persistent for at least several years.<ref name="Platt et al 2006">Platt, W. J., S. M. Carr, et al. (2006). "Pine savanna overstorey influences on ground-cover biodiversity." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 37-50.</ref> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | This species | + | This species is found in habitats that are maintained by fire.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| − | |||
<!--===Pollination===--> | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| − | <!--=== | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> |
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| + | This species is considered to be critically imperiled in Virginia.<ref>[[http://explorer.natureserve.org]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 28, 2019</ref> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
Latest revision as of 09:15, 2 June 2023
| Hypericum setosum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Theales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae ⁄ Guttiferae |
| Genus: | Hypericum |
| Species: | H. setosum |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypericum setosum L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Hypericum setosum from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: hairy St. John's-wort
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none.[1]
Varieties: none[1]
Description
Hypericum setosum is a perennial herbaceous species.
“Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric, or oblong. In general, our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.”[2]
"Erect, pubescent annual or biennial, 2-7.5 dm tall, sparingly branched. Leaves ascending, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate, 1-nerved, 3-15 mm long, 2—8 mm wide, acute, base clasping, sessile. Flowers alternate or terminal, ascending branches. Sepals 5, ciliate, 3-4.5 mm long; petals 5, 4-7 mm long; stamens numerous, in clusters; stigmas capitates, styles 3 or4, separate, 1.5-2.5 mm long, ovary 1-locular. Capsules ovoid, 4-5 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm broad seeds yellow, 0.5 mm long."[2]
Distribution
Hypericum setosum is endemic to the longleaf pine forest range[3] from southeastern Virginia south to central peninsular Florida, and west to southeastern Texas.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
Generally, H. setosum can be found in wet pine flatwoods, pine savannas, adjacent ditches, boggy areas, scrapes, and fire plow lines.[1] It mainly occurs in moist or dry loamy sand and seems to prefer light, open conditions. It can be found in pinewoods, bordering swampy depressions, and in open wiregrass flats in longleaf pinelands. On the other hand, this species also appears in disturbed areas, including ditches and power line corridors.[4] In the southeastern gulf coastal plain, this species is listed by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service as a facultative wetland species that most often occurs in wetland habitats, but can occasionally be found in non-wetland habitats.[5] Additionally, it is considered an indicator species of the upper panhandle savannas in Florida.[6]
Associated species include Pinus palutris and Aristida stricta.[4]
Phenology
H. setosum generally flowers from May until September.[1] It has been observed flowering in July, August, and September, while fruiting has been observed in September and October.[4][7]
Seed bank and germination
Several short-lived perennial forbs also have a seed bank persistent for at least several years.[8]
Fire ecology
This species is found in habitats that are maintained by fire.[4]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
This species is considered to be critically imperiled in Virginia.[9]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 709-715. Print.
- ↑ Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, R. A. Norris, and M. Davis. States and Counties: Florida: Gadsden, Liberty, and Wakulla. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.
- ↑ USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 28 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
- ↑ Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016
- ↑ Platt, W. J., S. M. Carr, et al. (2006). "Pine savanna overstorey influences on ground-cover biodiversity." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 37-50.
- ↑ [[1]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 28, 2019
