Difference between revisions of "Hypericum edisonianum"
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Common name: Arcadian St. Johnswort | Common name: Arcadian St. Johnswort | ||
| − | ==Taxonomic notes== | + | <!--==Taxonomic notes==--> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
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===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
Seeds are a dark brown, pointed capsule<ref name="FNAI"/>. It exhibits passive seed dispersal resulting in a near-parent seed shadow. In wet areas, seeds sink and become embedded in sand near the parent unless moved by sheetflow during flooding or by wind during dry periods (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014). | Seeds are a dark brown, pointed capsule<ref name="FNAI"/>. It exhibits passive seed dispersal resulting in a near-parent seed shadow. In wet areas, seeds sink and become embedded in sand near the parent unless moved by sheetflow during flooding or by wind during dry periods (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014). | ||
| − | + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | |
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
''H. edisonianum'' is found in pyrogenic scrubs of central peninsular Florida and rapidly regenerates ramets following fires (Abrahamson et al. 1984; Menges and Kohfeldt 1995). Fires and other disturbances can reduce competition and the effects of herbivory and diseases (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014). | ''H. edisonianum'' is found in pyrogenic scrubs of central peninsular Florida and rapidly regenerates ramets following fires (Abrahamson et al. 1984; Menges and Kohfeldt 1995). Fires and other disturbances can reduce competition and the effects of herbivory and diseases (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014). | ||
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Megachilidae: ''Anthidiellum perplexum, Megachile brevis pseudobrevis, M. mendica, M. petulans'' | Megachilidae: ''Anthidiellum perplexum, Megachile brevis pseudobrevis, M. mendica, M. petulans'' | ||
| − | ===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | + | <!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> |
| − | ===Diseases and parasites=== | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
==Conservation and Management== | ==Conservation and Management== | ||
It is unable to withstand excessive landscape drainage, agricultural and human development (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014). Fire suppression can result in population loss. Allowing prescribed fires to burn into wetlands and maintaining the natural hydrology of flatwoods can help manage populations of ''H. edisonianum''. Listed as G2/S2 <ref name="FNAI"/>. | It is unable to withstand excessive landscape drainage, agricultural and human development (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014). Fire suppression can result in population loss. Allowing prescribed fires to burn into wetlands and maintaining the natural hydrology of flatwoods can help manage populations of ''H. edisonianum''. Listed as G2/S2 <ref name="FNAI"/>. | ||
| − | + | <!--==Cultivation and restoration==--> | |
| − | ==Cultivation and restoration== | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Revision as of 15:49, 19 January 2016
| Hypericum edisonianum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Theales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae ⁄ Guttiferae |
| Genus: | Hypericum |
| Species: | H. edisonianum |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypericum edisonianum (Small) P. Adams & N. Robson | |
| |
| Natural range of Hypericum edisonianum from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Arcadian St. Johnswort
Contents
Description
H. edisonianum is a multi-branched evergreen shrub that forms extensive thickets. The stems are thin and dark with silvery black bark, and are leafless except for the upper branches. Leaves are opposite, oval, and have abaxial glands. The flowers are composed of 4 yellow petals, 2 large sepals with pointed tips and rounded bases[1].
This species exhibits traits that are common to rare and geographically limited plant species such as: (a) heavy reliance on clonal propagation to maintain local stands (b) passive seed dispersal resulting in a near-parent seed shadow (c) limited numbers of genetically unique individuals in isolated seasonal pond habitat (d) self-incompatibility (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014).
Distribution
The range is limited to the scrubs of the central peninsular Florida in Highlands, Polk, Glades, DeSoto, and Collier counties (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014). Excessive drainage, agriculture, and urban development are locally eliminating the species (Ward 1979).
Ecology
Habitat
In the central peninsular counties of Florida, H. edisonianum has been found in ephemeral ponds, flatwood ponds, and wet swales in low pine-palmetto flats, cutthroat grass seeps, and along lake margins (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014; FSU Herbarium). It tends to form dense thickets of ramets in poorly drained sandy sites that have a low pH, little organic matter, and low nutrient status, such as seasonal ponds (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014). Associated species include Andropogon brachystachyus, Ascyrum tetrapetalum, and Ascyrum hypericoides. Soils have been recorded as Paola-Basinger (Spodic Quartzipsamments) (FSU Herbarium).
Phenology
H. edisonianum is self-incompatible. The amount of flowers in anthesis within ramets are limited and independent of one another because individual flowers are short lived and flowering occurs throughout the year. Reproduces by seeds and clonal sprouting from underground rhizomes which is important for demography and genetic structure of populations (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014).
Seed dispersal
Seeds are a dark brown, pointed capsule[1]. It exhibits passive seed dispersal resulting in a near-parent seed shadow. In wet areas, seeds sink and become embedded in sand near the parent unless moved by sheetflow during flooding or by wind during dry periods (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014).
Fire ecology
H. edisonianum is found in pyrogenic scrubs of central peninsular Florida and rapidly regenerates ramets following fires (Abrahamson et al. 1984; Menges and Kohfeldt 1995). Fires and other disturbances can reduce competition and the effects of herbivory and diseases (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014).
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Hypericum edisonianum at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):
Apidae: Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, B. pennsylvanicus
Colletidae: Hylaeus confluens, H. schwarzi
Halictidae: Augochloropsis sumptuosa, Lasioglossum miniatulus, L. nymphalis, L. pectoralis, L. placidensis, L. puteulanum
Megachilidae: Anthidiellum perplexum, Megachile brevis pseudobrevis, M. mendica, M. petulans
Conservation and Management
It is unable to withstand excessive landscape drainage, agricultural and human development (Abrahamson and Vander Kloet 2014). Fire suppression can result in population loss. Allowing prescribed fires to burn into wetlands and maintaining the natural hydrology of flatwoods can help manage populations of H. edisonianum. Listed as G2/S2 [1].
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Abrahamson, W. G. (1984). "Species Responses to Fire on the Florida Lake Wales Ridge." American Journal of Botany 71(1): 35-43.
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: W.P. Adams, Leonard J. Brass, Edwin L. Bridges, George R. Cooley, R.K. Godfrey, Colleen Hoy, Beverly Judd, Walter S. Judd, Steve L. Orzell, Grady W. Reinert, Joe Testasecca, Daniel B. Ward, Kenneth A. Wilson, Carroll E. Wood. States and Counties: Florida: Glades, Highlands. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
Menges, E.S. and N. Kohfeldt. 1995. Life history strategies of Florida scrub plants in relation to fire. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:282–297.
Warren G. Abrahamson II and Sam P. Vander Kloet. "The Reproduction and Ecology of Hypericum edisonianum: An Endangered Florida Endemic" Castanea 79.3 (2014): 168-181. Available at: http://works.bepress.com/warren_abrahamson/153
Ward, D.B. 1979. Rare and endangered biota of Florida, Volume 5. Plants. University Presses of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
