Difference between revisions of "Galium tinctorium"
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Common name: stiff marsh bedstraw | Common name: stiff marsh bedstraw | ||
| − | ==Taxonomic notes== | + | <!--==Taxonomic notes==--> |
| − | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
A perennial plant with 5-6 whorled dark green leaves per node along the stem <ref name="gobotany">[[https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/galium/tinctorium/ Go Botany]]Accessed: December 11, 2015</ref>. Roots are fibrous and rhizomatous. Flowers are radially symmetrical and are in clusters of three arising from leaf axiles and at the end of branching stems <ref name="minnesota">[[https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/stiff-marsh-bedstraw]]Accessed: December 11, 2015</ref>. | A perennial plant with 5-6 whorled dark green leaves per node along the stem <ref name="gobotany">[[https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/galium/tinctorium/ Go Botany]]Accessed: December 11, 2015</ref>. Roots are fibrous and rhizomatous. Flowers are radially symmetrical and are in clusters of three arising from leaf axiles and at the end of branching stems <ref name="minnesota">[[https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/stiff-marsh-bedstraw]]Accessed: December 11, 2015</ref>. | ||
| − | + | <!--==Distribution==--> | |
| − | ==Distribution== | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
''G. tinctorium'' flowers March through May and fruits April through August (FSU Herbarium). Flowers are hermaphroditic <ref name="pfaf">[[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Galium+tinctorium]] Accessed: December 11, 2015 </ref>. Fruits are a pair of tiny, smooth round pods, each containing a seed<ref name="minnesota"/>. | ''G. tinctorium'' flowers March through May and fruits April through August (FSU Herbarium). Flowers are hermaphroditic <ref name="pfaf">[[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Galium+tinctorium]] Accessed: December 11, 2015 </ref>. Fruits are a pair of tiny, smooth round pods, each containing a seed<ref name="minnesota"/>. | ||
| − | + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | |
| − | ===Seed dispersal=== | + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> |
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | + | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| − | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Galium tinctorium'' at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015): | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Galium tinctorium'' at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015): | ||
Vespidae: ''Leptochilus alcolhuus'' | Vespidae: ''Leptochilus alcolhuus'' | ||
| − | + | <!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | |
| − | ===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
| − | ===Diseases and parasites=== | + | <!--==Conservation and Management==--> |
| − | ==Conservation and Management== | + | <!--==Cultivation and restoration==--> |
| − | ==Cultivation and restoration== | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Revision as of 15:35, 19 January 2016
| Galium tinctorium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Rubiales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | Galium |
| Species: | G. tinctorium |
| Binomial name | |
| Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. | |
| |
| Natural range of Galium tinctorium from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: stiff marsh bedstraw
Contents
Description
A perennial plant with 5-6 whorled dark green leaves per node along the stem [1]. Roots are fibrous and rhizomatous. Flowers are radially symmetrical and are in clusters of three arising from leaf axiles and at the end of branching stems [2].
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, G. tinctorium has been found in cabbage palm hammocks, boggy depressions in coastal hammocks, bordering lakes, wet pine flatwoods, cypress swamps, river banks, Nyssa bottomlands, longleaf pine/saw palmetto flatwoods, sweetbay swamps, and bordering salt marshes. It can also occur in human disturbed areas such as roadside ditches, gas pipeline corridors, shores of drainage canals, and roadside seepage zones (FSU Herbarium). Soil types include sandy loam, loamy clay, and clayey sand (FSU Herbarium). Associated species include Lilaeopsis carolinensis, Typha latifolia, Hydrocotyle umbellata, Fraxinus, Liquidambar, Acer, Gleditsia, Nyssa, Ulmus, and Carpinus (FSU Herbarium).
Phenology
G. tinctorium flowers March through May and fruits April through August (FSU Herbarium). Flowers are hermaphroditic [3]. Fruits are a pair of tiny, smooth round pods, each containing a seed[2].
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Galium tinctorium at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):
Vespidae: Leptochilus alcolhuus
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: : Loran C. Anderson, George R. Cooley, M.W. Cullen,R. J. Eaton, J.P. Gillespie, R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, J.M. Kane, R. Kral, R.B. Ledin, Robert J. Lemaire, S.W. Leonard, William Lindsey, Sidney McDaniel, R.C. Phillips, James D. Ray, P.L. Redfearn , Grady Reinert, Paul O. Schallert, Cecil R. Slaughter, John K. Small, E. Smith, J.N. Triplett Jr., C.E. Wood. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, DeSoto, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hamilton, Highland, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Orange, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Johns, Union, Wakulla, Washington. Georgia: Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
