Fuirena squarrosa

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Common name: hairy umbrella-sedge; salt-marsh umbrellagrass

Fuirena squarrosa
Fuirena squarrosa AFP.jpg
Photo by the Atlas of Florida Plants Database
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Liliopsida - Moncots
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Fuirena
Species: F. squarrosa
Binomial name
Fuirena squarrosa
Michx.
FUIR SQUA DIST.JPG
Natural range of Fuirena squarrosa from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Taxonomic Notes

Synonyms: Fuirena hispida Elliott

Varieties: none

Description

F. squarrosa is a native perennial graminoid that is a member of the Cyperaceae family [1]. Species in this family grow reproductive units in the form of spikelets, which contain highly simplified flowers [2]. F. squarrosa has alternate simple leaves shaped linearly, and contains a fibrous root structure like most Monocots [3].

Distribution

The species can be found in the Southeast United States, ranging from Texas to Virginia, as well as in the Northeast in Maryland, New Jersey, and New York [1]. It becomes more rare in communities located in Tennessee, Delaware, and New Jersey [4].

Ecology

Habitat

F. squarrosa can be found in mesic communities, including sphagnous bogs, [5] and can be found infrequently in pine-palmetto communities and wet prairies [6]. As well, F. squarrosa is present in habitats ranging from wet sandy loams of roadside depressions and other wet loamy sand disturbed sites. [7]

Associated species - Eleocharis tuberculosa, Gentiana saponaria, Bartonia paniculata, Platanthera cristata, Pyrus arbutifolia, and Viburnum nudum [5].

Phenology

Flowering time ranges continuously from August until October, while fruit development has been seen in the months of May and October. [7]

Fire ecology

Sphagnous bogs and other similar communities are fire dependent due to their high acidity, which makes F. squarrosa dependent on fire frequency [8].

Conservation and Management

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 USDA Plants Database URL: https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FUSQ
  2. Reutemann, A. G., Vegetti, A. C., and Pozner, R. Inflorescence development in Abildgaardieae (Cyperaceae, Cyperoideae). Flora 210: 3-12.
  3. Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center URL: www.wildflower.org
  4. NatureServe Explorer URL: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/
  5. 5.0 5.1 Bridges, E. L. and S. L. Orzell (1989). "Syngonanthus flavidulus (Eriocaulaceae) new to Mississippi." SIDA, Contributions to Botany 13(4): 512-515.
  6. Hilmon, J. B. (1964). "Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range " U.S. Forest Service Research Paper SE-12
  7. 7.0 7.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Ed Keppner, Lisa Keppner, Travis MacClendon, Karen MacClendon, George Wilder, J. Roche, R. A. Norris, Helen Roth, Floyd Griffith, and Richard Carter. States and counties: Florida: Putnam, Bay, Calhoun, Leon, Gadsden, and Jackson. Georgia: Brantley.
  8. Campbell, C. S. (1983). "Systematics of the Andropogon virginicus complex (Gramineae)." Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 64(2): 171-254.