Difference between revisions of "Elephantopus elatus"
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Elephantopus elatus'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov Plants Database]. | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Elephantopus elatus'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov Plants Database]. | ||
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| + | Common name: Tall elephantsfoot | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
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It is usuaslly a single plant, up to 1m tall, stems are rigid and brittle, with a pappus (modified calyx), flowers are lavender to white, and achenes are 3.5-4m (FSU Herbarium). | It is usuaslly a single plant, up to 1m tall, stems are rigid and brittle, with a pappus (modified calyx), flowers are lavender to white, and achenes are 3.5-4m (FSU Herbarium). | ||
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===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Elephantopus elatus'' at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015): | |
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| − | Halictidae: Augochloropsis metallica | + | Halictidae: ''Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica'' |
| − | Leucospididae: Leucospis slossonae | + | Leucospididae: ''Leucospis slossonae'' |
| − | Megachilidae: Anthidiellum perplexum | + | Megachilidae: ''Anthidiellum perplexum, Megachile albitarsis, M. brevis pseudobrevis, M. xylocopoides'' |
| − | + | Sphecidae: ''Isodontia exornata'' | |
| − | + | Vespidae: ''Pachodynerus erynnis, Stenodynerus fundatiformis'' | |
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===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
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==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | + | Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA. | |
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| − | States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Sarasota, Seminole, St Johns, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, and Walton. Georgia: Grady and Thomas. | + | Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: R.K. Godfrey, R. D. Houk, R. L. Lazor, John Lazor, K. E. Blum, J. Wooten, James D. Ray, Jr., O. Lakela, A. F. Clewell, J. P. Gillespie, R. E. Perdue, Cecil R Slaughter, Loran C. Anderson, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, Gary R. Knight, Robert Kral, D. B. Ward, T. Myint, Richard S. Mitchell, E. L. Tyson, S. S. Ward, R. R. Smith, A. A. Will, Paul O. Schallert, L. Baltzell, Paul L. Redfearn, Jr., R. Komarek, MacClendons, G. Wilder, and Billie Bailey. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Sarasota, Seminole, St Johns, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, and Walton. Georgia: Grady and Thomas. |
Revision as of 09:25, 6 August 2015
| Elephantopus elatus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Elephantopus |
| Species: | E. elatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Elephantopus elatus Bertol. | |
| |
| Natural range of Elephantopus elatus from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Tall elephantsfoot
Contents
Description
It is usuaslly a single plant, up to 1m tall, stems are rigid and brittle, with a pappus (modified calyx), flowers are lavender to white, and achenes are 3.5-4m (FSU Herbarium).
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
It is found in well drained, open pinelands, Longleaf pine-wiregrass sand ridges, slash pine flatwoods, Longleaf pine savannas, pine-oak woodlands, pine-palmettos woodlands, oak hammock woodland, edges of river banks, sandhills, and edges of upland mixed forest with exposed limestone (FSU Herbarium). Is also found in human disturbed areas that have been logged or clear cut (like flatwoods), along the roadsides, and in roadside depressions (FSU Herbarium). Requires high levels of light in open areas (FSU Herbarium). Is associated with loam soil, sandy loam soil, limestone, and clay soil types (FSU Herbarium). It prefers dry soil to wetter soil.[1] It is found in dry flatwoods and sandhill communities.[1] Found in sandhills that were consistently higher densities of sandhill plants with showy flowers and higher species richness of sandhill species in the burn than control patches. The most notable difference in the vigor of the flowering response occurred 1 month after the burns and in the fall flowering censuses.[2]
Phenology
It has been observed flowering from July to November (FSU Herbarium).
Seed dispersal
Seed bank and germination
Fire ecology
It responded positively to late winter annual and biennial burns.[1] Is abundant in area where there was a winter burn, observed in annually burned savannas, Longleaf pinelands, and in pine-oak woodlands (FSU Herbarium).
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Elephantopus elatus at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):
Halictidae: Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica
Leucospididae: Leucospis slossonae
Megachilidae: Anthidiellum perplexum, Megachile albitarsis, M. brevis pseudobrevis, M. xylocopoides
Sphecidae: Isodontia exornata
Vespidae: Pachodynerus erynnis, Stenodynerus fundatiformis
Use by animals
These bees, Azcgochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Azegochloropsis metallica, Anthidiellum perplexurn, Megachile albitarsis, M. brevis pseudobrevis, and M. xylocopoides, were found on E. elatus.[3]
Diseases and parasites
Conservation and Management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: R.K. Godfrey, R. D. Houk, R. L. Lazor, John Lazor, K. E. Blum, J. Wooten, James D. Ray, Jr., O. Lakela, A. F. Clewell, J. P. Gillespie, R. E. Perdue, Cecil R Slaughter, Loran C. Anderson, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, Gary R. Knight, Robert Kral, D. B. Ward, T. Myint, Richard S. Mitchell, E. L. Tyson, S. S. Ward, R. R. Smith, A. A. Will, Paul O. Schallert, L. Baltzell, Paul L. Redfearn, Jr., R. Komarek, MacClendons, G. Wilder, and Billie Bailey. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Sarasota, Seminole, St Johns, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, and Walton. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, et al. (2003). "Fire frequency effects on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris, P.Miller) vegetation in South Carolina and northeast Florida, USA." Natural Areas Journal 23: 22-37.
- ↑ Heuberger, K. A. and F. E. Putz (2003). "Fire in the suburbs: ecological impacts of prescribed fire in small remnants of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) sandhill." Restoration Ecology 11: 72-81.
- ↑ Deyrup, M. J. E., and Beth Norden (2002). "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." Insecta mundi 16(1-3).
