Difference between revisions of "Elephantopus carolinianus"
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''E. carolinianus'' proliferates in mesic to dry forests and woodlands. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from roadside depressions, edge of upland woods, rich woods, moist woods, slope of hardwood forest bluffs, hammock, river floodplain, sandy loam, mixed hardwood, sandy river bank, and mesic floodplain. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Cecil Slaughter, Richard S. Mitchell, R.Kral, R.K. Godfrey, D.B. Ward, R.R. Smith, G. R. Cooley, R.J. eaton, James D. Ray Jr., O. Lakela, J. Allen, R. Lassiter, J. Lassiter, William B. Fox, S.G> Boyle, Bob Lazor, E.S> Ford, J. M. Kane, C.J. Hansen, C.M. Morton, Peter H. Raven, Tamara Engelhorn Raven, Sidney McDaniel, M.B. Brooks, David Morgan, Robert Norris, John Nelson, Delzie Demaree, Virginia Crouch, James Burkhalter, P. L. Redfearn, D.F. Houck, W.D. Reese, Norlan Henderson, John Beaman, G.G. Hedgecock, K. Smith, W.M. Longnecker, B.C. Tharp, J.J. Brady, Fred A. Berkely. States and counties: Florida ( Wakulla, Leon, Volusia, Jackson, Gadsden, Alachua, Gadsden, Liberty, Hernando, Washington, Citrus, Martin, Bay, Dixie, Calhoun, Holmes, Gulf) Georgia (Baker, Grady, Upson, Thomas) Texas (Gonzales, Dallas, Anderson, Cherokee) Tennessee (Blount) North Carolina (McDowell, Chatam) Alabama (Lee, Escambia, Perry, Choctaw) Missouri (Jefferson, Wright, Franklin, Dade) Kentucky (Powell) Mississippi (Jones, Hinds, Yazoo) Louisiana (Lafayette) </ref> | ''E. carolinianus'' proliferates in mesic to dry forests and woodlands. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from roadside depressions, edge of upland woods, rich woods, moist woods, slope of hardwood forest bluffs, hammock, river floodplain, sandy loam, mixed hardwood, sandy river bank, and mesic floodplain. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Cecil Slaughter, Richard S. Mitchell, R.Kral, R.K. Godfrey, D.B. Ward, R.R. Smith, G. R. Cooley, R.J. eaton, James D. Ray Jr., O. Lakela, J. Allen, R. Lassiter, J. Lassiter, William B. Fox, S.G> Boyle, Bob Lazor, E.S> Ford, J. M. Kane, C.J. Hansen, C.M. Morton, Peter H. Raven, Tamara Engelhorn Raven, Sidney McDaniel, M.B. Brooks, David Morgan, Robert Norris, John Nelson, Delzie Demaree, Virginia Crouch, James Burkhalter, P. L. Redfearn, D.F. Houck, W.D. Reese, Norlan Henderson, John Beaman, G.G. Hedgecock, K. Smith, W.M. Longnecker, B.C. Tharp, J.J. Brady, Fred A. Berkely. States and counties: Florida ( Wakulla, Leon, Volusia, Jackson, Gadsden, Alachua, Gadsden, Liberty, Hernando, Washington, Citrus, Martin, Bay, Dixie, Calhoun, Holmes, Gulf) Georgia (Baker, Grady, Upson, Thomas) Texas (Gonzales, Dallas, Anderson, Cherokee) Tennessee (Blount) North Carolina (McDowell, Chatam) Alabama (Lee, Escambia, Perry, Choctaw) Missouri (Jefferson, Wright, Franklin, Dade) Kentucky (Powell) Mississippi (Jones, Hinds, Yazoo) Louisiana (Lafayette) </ref> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''E. carolinianus'' has been observed to flower in September and October. <ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 21 MAY 2018 </ref> | + | Generally, ''E. carolinianus'' flowers from August until November.<ref name= "Weakley"/> It has been observed to flower in September and October. <ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 21 MAY 2018 </ref> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
Revision as of 16:09, 3 May 2019
Common name: Carolina elephantsfoot [1], leafy elephant's-foot [2]
| Elephantopus carolinianus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Atlas of Florida Plants Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Elephantopus |
| Species: | E. carolinianus |
| Binomial name | |
| Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. | |
| |
| Natural range of Elephantopus carolinianus from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: none
Varieties: none
Description
E. carolinianus is a perennial forb/herb of the Asteraceae family native to North America. [1]
Distribution
E. carolinianus can be found along the southeastern United States, from Texas to New Jersey. [1]
Ecology
Habitat
E. carolinianus proliferates in mesic to dry forests and woodlands. [2] Specimens have been collected from roadside depressions, edge of upland woods, rich woods, moist woods, slope of hardwood forest bluffs, hammock, river floodplain, sandy loam, mixed hardwood, sandy river bank, and mesic floodplain. [3]
Phenology
Generally, E. carolinianus flowers from August until November.[4] It has been observed to flower in September and October. [5]
Fire ecology
E. carolinianus is not fire resistant, but has a medium fire tolerance. [1]
Conservation and Management
E. carolinianus is listed as endangered by the New Jersey Office of Natural Lands Management Department of Environmental Protection and Energy, and by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. [1]
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ELCA3
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Cecil Slaughter, Richard S. Mitchell, R.Kral, R.K. Godfrey, D.B. Ward, R.R. Smith, G. R. Cooley, R.J. eaton, James D. Ray Jr., O. Lakela, J. Allen, R. Lassiter, J. Lassiter, William B. Fox, S.G> Boyle, Bob Lazor, E.S> Ford, J. M. Kane, C.J. Hansen, C.M. Morton, Peter H. Raven, Tamara Engelhorn Raven, Sidney McDaniel, M.B. Brooks, David Morgan, Robert Norris, John Nelson, Delzie Demaree, Virginia Crouch, James Burkhalter, P. L. Redfearn, D.F. Houck, W.D. Reese, Norlan Henderson, John Beaman, G.G. Hedgecock, K. Smith, W.M. Longnecker, B.C. Tharp, J.J. Brady, Fred A. Berkely. States and counties: Florida ( Wakulla, Leon, Volusia, Jackson, Gadsden, Alachua, Gadsden, Liberty, Hernando, Washington, Citrus, Martin, Bay, Dixie, Calhoun, Holmes, Gulf) Georgia (Baker, Grady, Upson, Thomas) Texas (Gonzales, Dallas, Anderson, Cherokee) Tennessee (Blount) North Carolina (McDowell, Chatam) Alabama (Lee, Escambia, Perry, Choctaw) Missouri (Jefferson, Wright, Franklin, Dade) Kentucky (Powell) Mississippi (Jones, Hinds, Yazoo) Louisiana (Lafayette)
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedWeakley - ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 21 MAY 2018
