Difference between revisions of "Cirsium nuttallii"
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A description of ''Cirsium nuttallii'' is provided in [http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066385 The Flora of North America]. | A description of ''Cirsium nuttallii'' is provided in [http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066385 The Flora of North America]. | ||
| − | ''C. nuttallii'' is a biennial species that develops a deep taproot and basal rosette the first year, then shoots up a single, erect, glabrous stem <ref name="Native"/><ref name="EOL">[[http://eol.org/pages/468308/details Encyclopedia of Life]] Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref>. It can be distinguished from other ''Cirsium'' by having branched and many-headed stems ( | + | ''C. nuttallii'' is a biennial species that develops a deep taproot and basal rosette the first year, then shoots up a single, erect, glabrous stem <ref name="Native"/><ref name="EOL">[[http://eol.org/pages/468308/details Encyclopedia of Life]] Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref>. It can be distinguished from other ''Cirsium'' by having branched and many-headed stems<ref>Krings, Alexander, Randy Westbrooks, and Janine Lloyd. “CIRSIUM NUTTALLII (ASTERACEAE: CYNAREAE) NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA AND AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO SOUTHEASTERN CONGENERS”. SIDA, Contributions to Botany 20.2 (2002): 845–848.</ref>. |
<!--==Distribution==--> | <!--==Distribution==--> | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''C. nuttallii'' can be found in loamy sand of pine savannas, ''Hymenachne'' depressions, and freshwater marsh banks. It will grow in sunny, open and disturbed habitats such as roadsides, railroad tracks, pastures, levees, highways, and upland fallow fields <ref name="Native">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2014/06/nuttalls-thistle-cirsium-nuttallii.html Native Florida Wildflowers]]Accessed:December 7, 2015</ref> | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''C. nuttallii'' can be found in loamy sand of pine savannas, ''Hymenachne'' depressions, and freshwater marsh banks. It will grow in sunny, open and disturbed habitats such as roadsides, railroad tracks, pastures, levees, highways, and upland fallow fields <ref name="Native">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2014/06/nuttalls-thistle-cirsium-nuttallii.html Native Florida Wildflowers]]Accessed:December 7, 2015</ref><ref name="FSU">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, James R. Birkhaulter, D. Burch, Emily Earp, R.K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, Marc Minno, Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Cecil R. Slaughter, L.B. Trott, D.B. Ward. States and Counties: Florida: Brevard, Escambia, Gadsden, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Palm Beach, Polk, Putnam, Taylor, Wakulla. Georgia: Grady. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy. |
| + | </ref>. Soils include loamy sand and sandy loam<ref name="FSU"></ref>. | ||
===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
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<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Cirsium nuttallii'' at Archbold Biological Station | + | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Cirsium nuttallii'' at Archbold Biological Station<ref>Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref>: |
Apidae: ''Apis mellifera, Bombus griseocollis'' | Apidae: ''Apis mellifera, Bombus griseocollis'' | ||
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Global Conservation Status: G5<ref name="Natureserve>[[http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Cirsium+nuttallii NatureServe]]Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref>. | Global Conservation Status: G5<ref name="Natureserve>[[http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Cirsium+nuttallii NatureServe]]Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref>. | ||
<!--==Cultivation and restoration==--> | <!--==Cultivation and restoration==--> | ||
| − | ==Photo Gallery== | + | <!--==Photo Gallery==--> |
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
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Revision as of 15:34, 18 May 2016
| Cirsium nuttallii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Matthew Merritt, Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Cirsium |
| Species: | C. nuttallii |
| Binomial name | |
| Cirsium nuttallii DC. | |
| |
| Natural range of Cirsium nuttallii from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Nuttall's thistle
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonym: Carduus nuttallii (A.P. de Candolle) Pollard
Description
A description of Cirsium nuttallii is provided in The Flora of North America.
C. nuttallii is a biennial species that develops a deep taproot and basal rosette the first year, then shoots up a single, erect, glabrous stem [1][2]. It can be distinguished from other Cirsium by having branched and many-headed stems[3].
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, C. nuttallii can be found in loamy sand of pine savannas, Hymenachne depressions, and freshwater marsh banks. It will grow in sunny, open and disturbed habitats such as roadsides, railroad tracks, pastures, levees, highways, and upland fallow fields [1][4]. Soils include loamy sand and sandy loam[4].
Phenology
Cirsium nuttallii can be found flowering May through July with white to pink flowers [1].
Seed bank and germination
It produces a large number of seeds and has been observed to self-sow freely [1][5].
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Cirsium nuttallii at Archbold Biological Station[6]:
Apidae: Apis mellifera, Bombus griseocollis
Halictidae: Halictus poeyi
Megachilidae: Lithurgus gibbosus
Use by animals
The seeds are eaten by birds, but avoids herbivory from deer[7]. It is the larval host to the little metalmark butterfly [8].
Conservation and Management
Global Conservation Status: G5[9].
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 [Native Florida Wildflowers]Accessed:December 7, 2015
- ↑ [Encyclopedia of Life] Accessed: December 7, 2015
- ↑ Krings, Alexander, Randy Westbrooks, and Janine Lloyd. “CIRSIUM NUTTALLII (ASTERACEAE: CYNAREAE) NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA AND AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO SOUTHEASTERN CONGENERS”. SIDA, Contributions to Botany 20.2 (2002): 845–848.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, James R. Birkhaulter, D. Burch, Emily Earp, R.K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, Marc Minno, Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Cecil R. Slaughter, L.B. Trott, D.B. Ward. States and Counties: Florida: Brevard, Escambia, Gadsden, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Palm Beach, Polk, Putnam, Taylor, Wakulla. Georgia: Grady. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ [Dave's Garden]Accessed: December 7, 2015
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ [Naturescapes of Beaufort, SC]Accessed: December 7, 2015
- ↑ [What Florida Native Plant is Blooming Today]Accessed: December 7, 2015
- ↑ [NatureServe]Accessed: December 7, 2015
