Difference between revisions of "Cirsium horridulum"
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''C. horridulum'' is found in all the eastern coastal states from Maine to Texas, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Oklahoma<ref name="us">[[http://uswildflowers.com/detail.php?SName=Cirsium%20horridulum]]U.S. Wildflowers. Accessed: April 14, 2016</ref>. The varieties may have differing ranges: variety horridulum is found throughout the species range, except Oklahoma and Arkansas, variety megacanthum is found only in the lower Piedmont and coastal plain, and the variety vittatum is isolated to the coastal plain<ref name="eol"/>. | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
Revision as of 08:50, 14 April 2016
| Cirsium horridulum | |
|---|---|
| |
| photo by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Cirsium |
| Species: | C. horridulum |
| Binomial name | |
| Cirsium horridulum Michx. | |
| |
| Natural range of Cirsium horridulum from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: yellow thistle
Contents
Taxonomic notes
There are three varieties: horridulum, magacanthum, and vittatum. Var. horridulum is the only variety with yellow flowers, but it may also have red and purple flowers[1].
Description
A description of Cirsium horridulum is provided in The Flora of North America. This species is thistle-like and tends to resprout growing erect to about 1 meter[2].
Distribution
C. horridulum is found in all the eastern coastal states from Maine to Texas, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Oklahoma[3]. The varieties may have differing ranges: variety horridulum is found throughout the species range, except Oklahoma and Arkansas, variety megacanthum is found only in the lower Piedmont and coastal plain, and the variety vittatum is isolated to the coastal plain[1].
Ecology
Habitat
It has been found in pine-wiregrass woodlands, savannahs, pine-scrub oak woodlands, juniper-pine-palm woodlands, longleaf pine-turkey oak barrens, pine hills, cabbage palm hammocks, and along streams and marshes. This species has also been observed in human disturbed habitats such as roadsides, weedy fields, waste grounds, ligand fields, flat spoil areas, shallow watered ditches, pine plantations, and frequently mowed areas. Takes to the moister soil below longleaf pine-scrub oak forested sand hills and occurs in open light conditions in loamy sand or peat, loose sand, and drying loamy sand. Usually inhabits moist open areas between either drier or wetter conditions and may be present in well-drained uplands and limestone substrate[2].
Associated species include Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Melanthera, Eleocharis, Juncus, Xyris, and others[2].
Phenology
This species has been observed flowering from March to October and fruiting from March through November[2].
Kevin Robertson has observed this species flower within three months of burning. KMR
Fire ecology
This species is able to grow in burned old fields[2].
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Cirsium horridulum at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):
Apidae: Apis mellifera
Halictidae: Augochlorella gratiosa, Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum nymphalis, L. pectoralis
Megachilidae: Lithurgus gibbosus, Megachile brevis pseudobrevis
Conservation and Management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
Cirsium horridulum Photo by Michelle Smith
St. Mark's Wildlife Refuge
References and notes
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 [[1]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: April 14, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, G. R. Cooley, J. R. Eaton, R. K. Godfrey, E. Keppner, L. Keppner, R. Kral, H. Kurz, K. MacClendon, K. M. Meyer, K. Patel, P. L. Redfearn Jr., W. R. Stimson, A. Townesmith, L. B. Trott, K. L. Tyson, and C. E. Wood Jr. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Dade, Dixie, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Monroe, Pasco, Polk, Taylor, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.
- ↑ [[2]]U.S. Wildflowers. Accessed: April 14, 2016
