Difference between revisions of "Chaptalia tomentosa"

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==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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It can be found in sandhill seeps, savannas, and pine flatwoods.<ref name= "Weakley">Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> It is a facultative wetland species that commonly occurs in wetlands, but it can also occur in non-wetlands.<ref name= "USDA"/> ''C. tomentosa'' has also been observed in a disturbed seepage, edges of ditches, along a stream, a low meadow, roadside wetlands, an open boggy area, swampy woodlands, and soils ranging from sandy peat to moist to wet loamy sand.<ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: William P. Adams, Luis Almodovar, Loran C. Anderson, K. Craddock Burks, George R. Cooley, R.K. Godfrey, C. Jackson, Percy Jones, Lisa Keppner, M. Knott, R. Komarek, R. Kral, John M. Kunzer, R. L. Lazor, Joseph Monachino, T. Myint, R. A. Norris, Elmer C. Prichard, Cecil R Slaughter, R. R. Smith, L. B. Trott, and Rodie White. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Bay, Calhoun, Charlotte, Clay, Collier, Flagler, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Martin, Okaloosa, Pasco, Santa Rosa, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> One study found ''C. tomentosa'' to increase in frequency when the overstory is thinned rather than clearcut.<ref name= "Brockway">Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (2003). "Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 175: 49-69.</ref> It is also considered an indicator species for the lower Florida panhandle savanna ecosystems.<ref name= "Carr"/> ''C. tomentosa'' responds negatively or not at all to soil disturbance by roller chopping in South Florida.<ref>Lewis, C.E. (1970). Responses to Chopping and Rock Phosphate on South Florida Ranges. Journal of Range Management 23(4):276-282.</ref> It responds positively to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1882). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref>
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It can be found in sandhill seeps, savannas, and pine flatwoods.<ref name= "Weakley">Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> It is a facultative wetland species that commonly occurs in wetlands, but it can also occur in non-wetlands.<ref name= "USDA"/> ''C. tomentosa'' has also been observed in a disturbed seepage, edges of ditches, along a stream, a low meadow, roadside wetlands, an open boggy area, swampy woodlands, and soils ranging from sandy peat to moist to wet loamy sand.<ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: William P. Adams, Luis Almodovar, Loran C. Anderson, K. Craddock Burks, George R. Cooley, R.K. Godfrey, C. Jackson, Percy Jones, Lisa Keppner, M. Knott, R. Komarek, R. Kral, John M. Kunzer, R. L. Lazor, Joseph Monachino, T. Myint, R. A. Norris, Elmer C. Prichard, Cecil R Slaughter, R. R. Smith, L. B. Trott, and Rodie White. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Bay, Calhoun, Charlotte, Clay, Collier, Flagler, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Martin, Okaloosa, Pasco, Santa Rosa, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> One study found ''C. tomentosa'' to increase in frequency when the overstory is thinned rather than clearcut.<ref name= "Brockway">Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (2003). "Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 175: 49-69.</ref> It is also considered an indicator species for the lower Florida panhandle savanna ecosystems.<ref name= "Carr"/> ''C. tomentosa'' responds negatively or not at all to soil disturbance by roller chopping in South Florida.<ref>Lewis, C.E. (1970). Responses to Chopping and Rock Phosphate on South Florida Ranges. Journal of Range Management 23(4):276-282.</ref> It responds positively to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref>
  
 
Associated species: ''Pinus elliottii'', ''Pinus palustris'', ''Aristida'' sp., ''Serenoa repens'', ''Hypericum fasciculatum'', ''Sarracenia'' sp., ''Helenium vernale'', ''Andropogon'' sp., ''Ascyrum tetrapetalum'', ''Drosera brevifolia'', ''Xyris'' sp., ''Taxodium'' sp., ''Sisyrinchium'' sp., ''Calopogon'' sp., ''Viola lanceolate'', and ''Pinguicula'' sp.<ref name= "herbarium"/>
 
Associated species: ''Pinus elliottii'', ''Pinus palustris'', ''Aristida'' sp., ''Serenoa repens'', ''Hypericum fasciculatum'', ''Sarracenia'' sp., ''Helenium vernale'', ''Andropogon'' sp., ''Ascyrum tetrapetalum'', ''Drosera brevifolia'', ''Xyris'' sp., ''Taxodium'' sp., ''Sisyrinchium'' sp., ''Calopogon'' sp., ''Viola lanceolate'', and ''Pinguicula'' sp.<ref name= "herbarium"/>

Revision as of 14:19, 22 July 2019

Chaptalia tomentosa
Chaptalia tomentosa KDSP.jpg
Photo by Katelin Pearson
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Chaptalia
Species: C. tomentosa
Binomial name
Chaptalia tomentosa
Vent.
Chaptalia tomentosa dist.jpg
Natural range of Chaptalia tomentosa from USDA NRCS [1].

Common names: Woolly Sunbonnets; Pineland Daisy; Night-nodding Bog-dandelion; Sunbonnets

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: none

Varieties: none

Description

C. tomentosa ia a perennial forb/herb that is a member of the Asteraceae family.[1] Leaf shape varies from elliptic to obovate, and leaf margins denticulate. Fruit type produced is an achene. Flower is white with back petals pinkish.[2] One study found the average maximum root depth to be 17 cm, and the average root porosity to be 14.3%.[3] Its life history is long-lived.[4]

Distribution

It is an endemic species of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, from east North Carolina to south Florida and west to east Texas.[5]

Ecology

Habitat

It can be found in sandhill seeps, savannas, and pine flatwoods.[5] It is a facultative wetland species that commonly occurs in wetlands, but it can also occur in non-wetlands.[1] C. tomentosa has also been observed in a disturbed seepage, edges of ditches, along a stream, a low meadow, roadside wetlands, an open boggy area, swampy woodlands, and soils ranging from sandy peat to moist to wet loamy sand.[6] One study found C. tomentosa to increase in frequency when the overstory is thinned rather than clearcut.[7] It is also considered an indicator species for the lower Florida panhandle savanna ecosystems.[8] C. tomentosa responds negatively or not at all to soil disturbance by roller chopping in South Florida.[9] It responds positively to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.[10]

Associated species: Pinus elliottii, Pinus palustris, Aristida sp., Serenoa repens, Hypericum fasciculatum, Sarracenia sp., Helenium vernale, Andropogon sp., Ascyrum tetrapetalum, Drosera brevifolia, Xyris sp., Taxodium sp., Sisyrinchium sp., Calopogon sp., Viola lanceolate, and Pinguicula sp.[6]

Phenology

C. tomentosa has been observed flowering from January to June with peak inflorescence in March.[11]

Fire ecology

The species could be hypothesized to be fire-tolerant since it is found in upper Florida panhandle savannas that are fire-dependent.[8] One study found C. tomentosa to significantly increase in frequency in response to a recent fire.[4] As number of growing seasons since past fire disturbance increases, one study found C. tomentosa to decrease in ground cover and frequency over the years.[12]

Use by animals

It is considered to have poor forage value.[13]

Conservation and management

Global status rank: G5 secure [14].

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 5 April 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
  2. ↑ [[2]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: April 5, 2019
  3. ↑ Brewer, J. S., et al. (2011). "Carnivory in plants as a beneficial trait in wetlands." Aquatic Botany 94: 62-70.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hinman, S. E. and J. S. Brewer (2007). "Responses of Two Frequently-Burned Wet Pine Savannas to an Extended Period without Fire." The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134(4): 512-526.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: William P. Adams, Luis Almodovar, Loran C. Anderson, K. Craddock Burks, George R. Cooley, R.K. Godfrey, C. Jackson, Percy Jones, Lisa Keppner, M. Knott, R. Komarek, R. Kral, John M. Kunzer, R. L. Lazor, Joseph Monachino, T. Myint, R. A. Norris, Elmer C. Prichard, Cecil R Slaughter, R. R. Smith, L. B. Trott, and Rodie White. States and Counties: Florida: Baker, Bay, Calhoun, Charlotte, Clay, Collier, Flagler, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Martin, Okaloosa, Pasco, Santa Rosa, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.
  7. ↑ Brockway, D. G. and C. E. Lewis (2003). "Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem." Forest Ecology and Management 175: 49-69.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.
  9. ↑ Lewis, C.E. (1970). Responses to Chopping and Rock Phosphate on South Florida Ranges. Journal of Range Management 23(4):276-282.
  10. ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
  11. ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
  12. ↑ Lemon, P. C. (1949). "Successional responses of herbs in the longleaf-slash pine forest after fire." Ecology 30: 135-145.
  13. ↑ Hilman, J. B. (1964). "Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range " U.S. Forest Service Research Paper SE-12
  14. ↑ [Encyclopedia of Life] Accessed 5 June 2016
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