Difference between revisions of "Carex retroflexa"

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{{taxobox
 
{{taxobox
 
| name = Carex retroflexa
 
| name = Carex retroflexa
| image = Insert.jpg
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| image = Care_retr.jpg
| image_caption =  
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| image_caption = Photo by John R. Gwaltney, [http://www.southeasternflora.com/index.asp Southeastern Flora.com]
 
| regnum = Plantae
 
| regnum = Plantae
 
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
 
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
 
| classis = Liliopsida – Monocotyledons  
 
| classis = Liliopsida – Monocotyledons  
| ordo = Cyperales
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| ordo = Poales
 
| familia = Cyperaceae
 
| familia = Cyperaceae
 
| genus = ''Carex''
 
| genus = ''Carex''
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| binomial_authority = Muhl. ex Willd.
 
| binomial_authority = Muhl. ex Willd.
 
| range_map = CARE_RETR_dist.jpg
 
| range_map = CARE_RETR_dist.jpg
| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Carex retroflexa'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov Plants Database].
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Carex retroflexa'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CARE9 Plants Database].
 
}}
 
}}
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Common name: Reflexed sedge
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==Taxonomic notes==
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Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
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Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
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==Description==  
 
==Description==  
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
Common Name: reflexed sedge
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A description of ''Carex retroflexa'' is provided in [http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242357430 The Flora of North America]. This species is similar to ''C. texensis'', but can be told apart by having an perigynium wider than 1.3 mm and a spongy layer more than 1.1 mm.<ref name="robert"/>
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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Ranges from Texas to Kansas to Iowa, east to Indiana and Michigan, north to Quebec and Maine and south to the gulf coast states.<ref name="robert">Robert, G. D. and E. H. Philip (2003). "Recommendations concerning the Identification of Carex retroflexa and Carex texensis (Cyperaceae; Section Phaestoglochin Dumort)." Castanea 68(3): 245-253.</ref>
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==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
This species has been found along rivers in rich deciduous woods and in floodplains surrounded by wet sphagnum moss (FSU Herbarium). It has also been observed growing alongside trails at the edge of woodlands (FSU Herbarium). It does well in partial to deep shade environments in drying sandy loam of floodplains (FSU Herbarium).
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This species has been found along rivers in rich deciduous woods and in floodplains surrounded by wet sphagnum moss. It has also been observed growing alongside trails at the edge of woodlands. It does well in partial to deep shade environments in drying sandy loam of floodplains.<ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014.  Collectors: L. C. Anderson, L. W. Curtis, and R. K. Godfrey.  States and Counties: Alabama: Wilcox. Florida: Gadsden and Hernando.</ref>
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Associated species include ''Carex albolutescens, Carex atlantica, Carex complanata, Carex lurida, Carex venusta, Carex capillacea'' and sphagnum species.<ref name="fsu"/>
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===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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''C. retroflexa'' has been observed flowering in April and May and fruiting from March to May.<ref name="fsu"/><ref>Nelson, G.  [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/  Accessed: 7 DEC 2016</ref>
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<!--===Seed dispersal===-->
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<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
  
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
This species has been observed flowering in May and fruiting from March-May (FSU Herbarium).
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Populations of ''Carex'' species have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref>
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<!--===Pollination and use by animals===-->
  
===Seed dispersal===
 
===Seed bank and germination===
 
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
 
===Pollination===
 
===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
 
 
===Diseases and parasites===
 
===Diseases and parasites===
==Conservation and Management==
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The introduced earthworm ''Lumbricus terrestris'' significantly decreases the growth of ''C. retroflexa'' by decreasing the number of culms.<ref name="bmcecol">[[http://bmcecol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6785-13-48]]. Accessed: April 12, 2016</ref>
==Cultivation and restoration==
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
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==Cultural use==
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==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery widths=180px>
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</gallery>
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==References and notes==
 
==References and notes==

Revision as of 15:18, 19 July 2021

Carex retroflexa
Care retr.jpg
Photo by John R. Gwaltney, Southeastern Flora.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Liliopsida – Monocotyledons
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Carex
Species: C. retroflexa
Binomial name
Carex retroflexa
Muhl. ex Willd.
CARE RETR dist.jpg
Natural range of Carex retroflexa from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common name: Reflexed sedge

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: none.[1]

Varieties: none.[1]

Description

A description of Carex retroflexa is provided in The Flora of North America. This species is similar to C. texensis, but can be told apart by having an perigynium wider than 1.3 mm and a spongy layer more than 1.1 mm.[2]

Distribution

Ranges from Texas to Kansas to Iowa, east to Indiana and Michigan, north to Quebec and Maine and south to the gulf coast states.[2]

Ecology

Habitat

This species has been found along rivers in rich deciduous woods and in floodplains surrounded by wet sphagnum moss. It has also been observed growing alongside trails at the edge of woodlands. It does well in partial to deep shade environments in drying sandy loam of floodplains.[3]

Associated species include Carex albolutescens, Carex atlantica, Carex complanata, Carex lurida, Carex venusta, Carex capillacea and sphagnum species.[3]

Phenology

C. retroflexa has been observed flowering in April and May and fruiting from March to May.[3][4]

Fire ecology

Populations of Carex species have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.[5]

Diseases and parasites

The introduced earthworm Lumbricus terrestris significantly decreases the growth of C. retroflexa by decreasing the number of culms.[6]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Cultural use

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Robert, G. D. and E. H. Philip (2003). "Recommendations concerning the Identification of Carex retroflexa and Carex texensis (Cyperaceae; Section Phaestoglochin Dumort)." Castanea 68(3): 245-253.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, L. W. Curtis, and R. K. Godfrey. States and Counties: Alabama: Wilcox. Florida: Gadsden and Hernando.
  4. Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
  5. Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
  6. [[1]]. Accessed: April 12, 2016