Difference between revisions of "Agrimonia incisa"
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Agrimonia incisa'' from USDA NRCS [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=AGIN3 Plants Database]. | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Agrimonia incisa'' from USDA NRCS [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=AGIN3 Plants Database]. | ||
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| + | Common Name: Pineland Agrimony | ||
==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | + | No synonyms.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | |
| − | + | No varieties.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | '' | + | ''Agrimonia incisa'' is a perennial forb in the family Roaceae native to North America<ref name= "USDA Plants"> USDA Plants Database URL:[https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=AGIN3]</ref> growing up to 36" tall.<ref name= "Facebook"> Observation by Roger Hammer in Florida Panhandle. February 2017, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group February 4, 2017.</ref> The leaves are compound, elliptic or oblanceolate shaped, and pubescent. Leaflets are deeply incised and measure 1/2" – 1" long and 3/8" – 1/2" wide with lower surface glands. |
| + | |||
| + | The flowers are 1/2" wide and are organized in inflorescence rachis numbering up to 50 flowers per raceme.<ref name= "Kline"> Kline, G. J. and P. D. Sorensen (2008). "A revision of Agrimonia (Rosaceae) in North and Central America." Brittonia: 11-33.</ref> It has tuberous roots and rhizomes, which measure from 2.25 - 3.2 cm wide. The fruit is large and barbed, similar to all ''Agrimonia'' species.<ref name="MacRoberts"> MacRoberts, M. H. and B. R. MacRoberts (1997). "The ecology of Agrimonia incisa Torrey & Gray (Rosaceae) in the West Gulf Coastal Plain." Phytologia 82: 114-128</ref> The fruit contains reflexed bristles in the lowermost row, and the whole fruit must be stratified in order to initiate germination.<ref name= "Kline"/> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''A. incisa'' is found in the | + | ''A. incisa'' is found in the southeast United States, however the distribution is spotty ranging from North Carolina to central Florida and eastern Texas<ref name= "Sorrie">Sorrie, B. A. and S. W. Leonard (1999). "Noteworthy records of Mississippi vascular plants." Sida 18(3): 889-908.</ref>. |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''A. incisa'' occurs in sandhills and other upland pine communities.<ref name="Coile">Coile, N. C. (2000). Notes on Florida �s Regulated Plant Index (Rule 5B-40), Botany Contribution No. 38, 3nd edition. Gainesville, Florida, Florida Deaprtment of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry.</ref>. However, the habitat can vary from mesic longleaf pine woodland to dry pine-oak woodland, and pine plantations <ref name= | + | ''A. incisa'' occurs in sandhills and other upland pine communities.<ref name="Coile">Coile, N. C. (2000). Notes on Florida �s Regulated Plant Index (Rule 5B-40), Botany Contribution No. 38, 3nd edition. Gainesville, Florida, Florida Deaprtment of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry.</ref>. However, the habitat can vary from mesic longleaf pine woodland to dry pine-oak woodland, and pine plantations<ref name= "Sorrie"/>. ''A. incisa'' occurs on sands located on undulating to hilly sloping uplands that are permeable as well as well drained. ''A. incisa'' seems to prefer open woodlands, and disappears as the levels of light decrease<ref name= "MacRoberts"/>. |
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''[[Andropogon ternarius]]'', ''[[Centrosema virginianum]]'', ''[[Croton argyranthemus]]'', ''Dicanthelium aciculare'', ''Pityopsis graminafolia'', ''[[Pinus palustris]]'', ''[[Toxicodendron radicans]]'', and ''[[Schizachyrium scoparium]]''<ref name= "MacRoberts"/>. | ||
| − | + | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | |
| + | ''A. incisa'' flowers from late July to November<ref name="Kline"/>. It has been observed flowering in the months of July through November and January with peak inflorescence in October, and fruiting during the same time.<ref>Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 4 MAR 2019</ref><ref name= "Herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: A. B. Pittman, S. W. Leonard, Robert Kral, Robert K. Godfrey, Steve L. Orzell, Edwin L. Bridges, Loran C. Anderson, A. Gholson Jr., Wilson Baker, J. P. Gillespie, Richard R. Clinebell II, J. M. Kane, Frankie Snow, William Platt, and M. Darst. States and counties: Florida: Citrus, Wakulla, Hernando, Liberty, Escambia, Jackson, Madison, Santa Rosa, Leon, Gadsden, and Polk. Georgia: Clay, Thomas, and Coffee. South Carolina: Orangeburg. Alabama: Baldwin.</ref> | ||
| − | === | + | ===Seed dispersal=== |
| − | + | This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity. <ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> | |
| − | |||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | ''A. incisa'' occurs in frequently burned upland pine communities <ref name = "MacRoberts"/>. It can be seen that fire suppression and the habitat alteration causes a decline in the population <ref name= "Sorrie"/>. | + | ''A. incisa'' occurs in frequently burned upland pine communities<ref name = "MacRoberts"/>. It can be seen that fire suppression and the habitat alteration causes a decline in the population<ref name= "Sorrie"/>. |
| + | |||
| + | ===Pollination and insect hosting=== | ||
| + | The population is predominantly pollinated by small bees within the subfamily Halictinae, including Hymenoptera, Apoidea, and Halictidae<ref name= "MacRoberts"/>. | ||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | + | ''Agrimonia incisa'' is a rare species in the community, and is considered threatened by the United States Forest Service. Maintenance of this species relies on maintaining the herbaceous layer and canopy relationship through promoting the proper light and shade levels, but more importantly, prescribed fire is best to ensure the abundance of the species within the community<ref name= "MacRoberts"/>. It is listed as endangered in the state of Florida.<ref name= "USDA Plants"/> | |
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| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
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==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 08:09, 28 September 2023
| Agrimonia incisa | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Atlas of Florida Plants Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Agrimonia |
| Species: | A. incisa |
| Binomial name | |
| Agrimonia incisa Torrey & A. Gray | |
| |
| Natural range of Agrimonia incisa from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common Name: Pineland Agrimony
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
No synonyms.[1]
No varieties.[1]
Description
Agrimonia incisa is a perennial forb in the family Roaceae native to North America[2] growing up to 36" tall.[3] The leaves are compound, elliptic or oblanceolate shaped, and pubescent. Leaflets are deeply incised and measure 1/2" – 1" long and 3/8" – 1/2" wide with lower surface glands.
The flowers are 1/2" wide and are organized in inflorescence rachis numbering up to 50 flowers per raceme.[4] It has tuberous roots and rhizomes, which measure from 2.25 - 3.2 cm wide. The fruit is large and barbed, similar to all Agrimonia species.[5] The fruit contains reflexed bristles in the lowermost row, and the whole fruit must be stratified in order to initiate germination.[4]
Distribution
A. incisa is found in the southeast United States, however the distribution is spotty ranging from North Carolina to central Florida and eastern Texas[6].
Ecology
Habitat
A. incisa occurs in sandhills and other upland pine communities.[7]. However, the habitat can vary from mesic longleaf pine woodland to dry pine-oak woodland, and pine plantations[6]. A. incisa occurs on sands located on undulating to hilly sloping uplands that are permeable as well as well drained. A. incisa seems to prefer open woodlands, and disappears as the levels of light decrease[5].
Associated species include Andropogon ternarius, Centrosema virginianum, Croton argyranthemus, Dicanthelium aciculare, Pityopsis graminafolia, Pinus palustris, Toxicodendron radicans, and Schizachyrium scoparium[5].
Phenology
A. incisa flowers from late July to November[4]. It has been observed flowering in the months of July through November and January with peak inflorescence in October, and fruiting during the same time.[8][9]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity. [10]
Fire ecology
A. incisa occurs in frequently burned upland pine communities[5]. It can be seen that fire suppression and the habitat alteration causes a decline in the population[6].
Pollination and insect hosting
The population is predominantly pollinated by small bees within the subfamily Halictinae, including Hymenoptera, Apoidea, and Halictidae[5].
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Agrimonia incisa is a rare species in the community, and is considered threatened by the United States Forest Service. Maintenance of this species relies on maintaining the herbaceous layer and canopy relationship through promoting the proper light and shade levels, but more importantly, prescribed fire is best to ensure the abundance of the species within the community[5]. It is listed as endangered in the state of Florida.[2]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 USDA Plants Database URL:[1]
- ↑ Observation by Roger Hammer in Florida Panhandle. February 2017, posted to Florida Flora and Ecosystematics Facebook Group February 4, 2017.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kline, G. J. and P. D. Sorensen (2008). "A revision of Agrimonia (Rosaceae) in North and Central America." Brittonia: 11-33.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 MacRoberts, M. H. and B. R. MacRoberts (1997). "The ecology of Agrimonia incisa Torrey & Gray (Rosaceae) in the West Gulf Coastal Plain." Phytologia 82: 114-128
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Sorrie, B. A. and S. W. Leonard (1999). "Noteworthy records of Mississippi vascular plants." Sida 18(3): 889-908.
- ↑ Coile, N. C. (2000). Notes on Florida �s Regulated Plant Index (Rule 5B-40), Botany Contribution No. 38, 3nd edition. Gainesville, Florida, Florida Deaprtment of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 4 MAR 2019
- ↑ Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: A. B. Pittman, S. W. Leonard, Robert Kral, Robert K. Godfrey, Steve L. Orzell, Edwin L. Bridges, Loran C. Anderson, A. Gholson Jr., Wilson Baker, J. P. Gillespie, Richard R. Clinebell II, J. M. Kane, Frankie Snow, William Platt, and M. Darst. States and counties: Florida: Citrus, Wakulla, Hernando, Liberty, Escambia, Jackson, Madison, Santa Rosa, Leon, Gadsden, and Polk. Georgia: Clay, Thomas, and Coffee. South Carolina: Orangeburg. Alabama: Baldwin.
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
