Ptilimnium capillaceum

Ptilimnium capillaceum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class:	Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Order:	Apiales
Family:	Apiaceae
Genus:	Ptilimnium
Species:	P. capillaceum
Binomial name
Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf.
Natural range of Ptilimnium capillaceum from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common names: Threadleaf mockbishopweed, herbwilliam

Description

Flowers are arranged in umbels (FSU Herbarium).

"Herbaceous perennials with elongate rhizomes and erect, quadrangular freely branched stems. Inflorescence compact cymules, often head-like, arranged in thryses or terminal at the ends of branches. Calyx 5-toothed, zygomorphic to actinomorphic; corolla zygomorphic, 2-lipped, upper entire or notched, lower 3-lobed. Stamens 4, usually exserted; stigmas 2-clet, exserted." - Radford et al 1964

"Plant canescent; stems 4-11 dm tall, the angles sharp to rounded. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 1.5-5 cm long, 3-15 mm wide, acute to obtuse, crenate with 1-4 teeth on each margin, rarely entire, base cuneate to rounded; petioles 0.5-5 mm long. Inflorescence head-like, flat-topped to high-domed corymb, each cymules 2-4 cm broad, becoming somewhat open in fruit; bracts canescent, aristate, often whitened. Calyx slightly zygomorphic , tube 4-4/5 mm long, teeth usually white, acicular, erect to spreading, 2.3-3.3 mm long; corolla white to lavender, 4-6 mm long. Mericarps dark brown, 1-1.3 mm long, oblong-ovoid, long bearded at apex." - Radford et al 1964

Ecology

Habitat

In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, P. capillaceum has occurred in wiregrass/slashpine communities; the edge of a small cattail swale; mucky soils of floodplains; dry pond in a coastal hammock; cabbage palm hammocks; scrubby flatwoods adjacent to cypress swamps; slough edges; wet ditches bordering flatwoods; borders of salt flats; wet sands near a salt marsh; gum depressions; low depressions amongst sand dunes; middle of a lake growing on a tree stump; and cypress-sweetgum floodplains. It has also been observed in disturbed areas such as roadsides, a grazed cabbage palm hammock, moist roadside ditches, along railroad beds, marsh in a drainage canal bordering a swamp forest, permanently flooded pits, drained clearing of a wet hammock, exposed peat beneath pond cypresses ringing a lake after draining, and powerline transects across pine flatwoods (FSU Herbarium). Soil types include loamy sand, sand, sandy loam, sandy peat, clay, and peaty soil (FSU Herbarium). It has been observed to grow in both full sun and very shaded locations (FSU Herbarium). Associated species include Anagallis minima, Eleocharis albida, Bacopa monnieri, Dichromena colorata and Sagittaria (FSU Herbarium).

Phenology

It flowers and fruits April through July (FSU Herbarium).

Fire ecology

It has been observed in an annually burned boggy draw in a pine forest (FSU Herbarium).

Pollination

The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Ptilimnium capillaceum at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):

Apidae: Apis mellifera, Epeolus floridensis

Colletidae: Colletes mandibularis

Halictidae: Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum tamiamensis

Sphecidae: Epinysson basilaris, E. mellipes, Hoplisoides denticulatus denticulatus, Liris argentata, L. muesebecki, Oxybelus laetus fulvipes, Tachytes intermedius, T. mergus

Vespidae: Euodynerus megaera, Pachodynerus erynnis, Parancistrocerus bicornis, P. fulvipes rufovestris

References and notes

Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.

Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: William P. Adams, Loran C. Anderson, Kurt E. Blum, Dave Breil, Sidney T. Brinson, G. Fleming, P. Genelle,, C.S. Gidden, R.K. Godfrey, Darren Jackson, D.E. Kennemore Jr., G. Knight, Mabel Kral, R. Kral, Robert J. Lamaire, S.W. Leonard, Sidney McDaniel, William Lindsey,W. Miley, Marc Minno, Richard Mitchell, John B. Nelson, Elmer C. Prichard, Ronald A. Pursell, Gwynn W. Ramsey, P.L. Redfearn Jr., A. Redman, Grady W. Reinert, V. Rosario, Cecil R. Slaughter, Bian Tan, D.B. Ward, S.S. Ward, Jean W. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, DeSoto, Dixie, Escambia, Franklin, Hamilton, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Sumter, Suwannee, Taylor, Union, Volusia, Wakulla. Georgia: Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.

Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 784. Print.