Magnolia virginiana
Common name: Sweetbay[1]
| Magnolia virginiana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John B | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Magnoliales |
| Family: | Magnoliaceae |
| Genus: | Magnolia |
| Species: | M. virginiana |
| Binomial name | |
| Magnolia virginiana L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Magnolia virginiana from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: none.[2]
Varieties: Magnolia virginiana Linnaeus var. australis; Magnolia virginiana Linnaeus var. virginiana.[2]
Description
M. virginiana is a perennial shrub/tree of the Magnoliaceae family native to North America.[1]
Distribution
M. virginiana var. australis ranges from southern North Carolina to southern Florida, then west to Texas. Rarely, it extends into adjacent interior provinces. There are disjunct populations in northwest Cuba. Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana has a more northern range, growing from southeast Massachusetts south to western North Carolina, southern South Carolina, and eastern Georgia.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
M. virginiana proliferates in pocosins, bay forests, and swamps in the Coastal Plain, streamhead pocosins, swamps, and sandhill seeps in the Sandhills, bogs, and peaty swamps in the Piedmont and Mountains.[3] Specimens have been collected from shrub-tree bogs, wet hammocks, wet woodlands, pine woods, forest-adjacent roadsides, moist sloping plains, bottomland woodlands, cypress swamp-edges, sandy roadsides, swampy woods, slash pine flatwoods, floodplains, pine-palmetto flats, wiregrass bogs, wet cabbage-palm hammocks, and live oak hammocks.[4] M. virginiana does not respond to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.[5]
Magnolia virginiana is an indicator species for the Panhandle Seepage Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[6]
Phenology
M. virginiana has been observed flowers April through June and fruits from July through October.[7]
Fire ecology
M. virigniana is fire resistant but has no fire tolerance.[1]
Use by animals
M. virginiana is highly palatable to browsing animals.[1]
Conservation and Management
M. virginiana is listed as endangered by the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program and the New York Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Land and Forests, and as threatened by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Natural Heritage Program.[1]
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=MAVI2
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: R.K. Godfrey, Loran C. Anderson, Gwynn Ramsey, Richard S. Mitchell, L.B. Trott, R. Kral, P. L. Redfearn, Lovett Williams, Andre Clewell, E.A. Hebb, N. Summerlin, Robert Lemaire, N.H. Chevalier, Sidney McDaniel, Gary Knight, Mark Garland, J.P. Gillespie, R.A> Norris, R. Komarek, Lisa Keppner, Cecil Slaughter, Morris Adams. States and counties: Florida (Liberty, Jefferson, Osceola, Leon, Madison, Jackson, Wakulla, Taylor, Gadsden, Polk, Volusia, Bradford, Walton, Union, Bay, Broward, Collier, Franklin, Bay, Orange, Calhoun, Washington, Holmes) Georgia (Thomas, Grady) Alabama (Houston)
- ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 24 MAY 2018
