Difference between revisions of "Vernonia gigantea"
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain, ''V. gigantea'' has been found in loam soil atop of a ravine; loamy sand in mesic hardwoods; river hammocks; marshes; floodplain forests; upland mixed forest; shortleaf pine-post &red oak-mockernut woods; pine-oak-hickory woods in a ravine; annually burned upland pineland; calcareous slopes; sandy loam in mature hardwoods; sandy open live oak hammocks; sand beneath cabbage palm thicket; calcareous mixed flatwoods hammocks; hammock surrounded by marsh; lowland forests habitats; and sandy peat in a clearing of cabbage palm-live oak hammock. <ref name="Emery et al. 2011">Emery, S. M., J. Uwimbabazi, et al. (2011). "Fire intensity effects on seed germination of native and invasive Eastern deciduous forest understory plants." Forest Ecology and Management 261: 1401-1408.</ref> <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, Robert L. Lazor, Gary R. Knight, R. Kral, P. L. Redfearn, Jr., R. F. Thorne, R. A. Davidson, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, R. A. Norris, Andre F. Clewell, Sidney McDaniel, R. Komarek, Lisa Keppner, S. W. Leonard, Richard S. Mitchell, D. S. Correll, Grady W. Reinert. States and Counties: Florida: Brevard, Calhoun, Citrus, Dixie, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Polk, Putnam, Seminole, St. Johns, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla, Washington. Georgia: Thomas. Mississippi: Holmes. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> It is found in disturbed successional areas <ref name="Emery et al. 2011"/> along with moist loam of roadside depressions; loamy sand along edge of channel; open mixed hardwood forest between power-line and road; along powerline corridors; and grassy clearings of pine-palmetto flats. Substrate types include loam, loamy sand, sandy loam, calcareous soils, limestone, sand, and sandy peat. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | + | In the Coastal Plain, ''V. gigantea'' has been found in loam soil atop of a ravine; loamy sand in mesic hardwoods; river hammocks; marshes; floodplain forests; upland mixed forest; shortleaf pine-post &red oak-mockernut woods; pine-oak-hickory woods in a ravine; annually burned upland pineland; calcareous slopes; sandy loam in mature hardwoods; sandy open live oak hammocks; sand beneath cabbage palm thicket; calcareous mixed flatwoods hammocks; hammock surrounded by marsh; lowland forests habitats; and sandy peat in a clearing of cabbage palm-live oak hammock.<ref name="Emery et al. 2011">Emery, S. M., J. Uwimbabazi, et al. (2011). "Fire intensity effects on seed germination of native and invasive Eastern deciduous forest understory plants." Forest Ecology and Management 261: 1401-1408.</ref> <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, Robert L. Lazor, Gary R. Knight, R. Kral, P. L. Redfearn, Jr., R. F. Thorne, R. A. Davidson, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, R. A. Norris, Andre F. Clewell, Sidney McDaniel, R. Komarek, Lisa Keppner, S. W. Leonard, Richard S. Mitchell, D. S. Correll, Grady W. Reinert. States and Counties: Florida: Brevard, Calhoun, Citrus, Dixie, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Polk, Putnam, Seminole, St. Johns, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla, Washington. Georgia: Thomas. Mississippi: Holmes. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> It is found in disturbed successional areas<ref name="Emery et al. 2011"/> along with moist loam of roadside depressions; loamy sand along edge of channel; open mixed hardwood forest between power-line and road; along powerline corridors; and grassy clearings of pine-palmetto flats. Substrate types include loam, loamy sand, sandy loam, calcareous soils, limestone, sand, and sandy peat.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| − | Associated species include ''Eupatorium fisulosum, Arnoflossum ovatum, Smilax bona-nox, Morus rubra, Campsis radicans'', and cabbage palm. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | + | Associated species include ''Eupatorium fisulosum, Arnoflossum ovatum, Smilax bona-nox, Morus rubra, Campsis radicans'', and cabbage palm.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | It has been observed flowering January through November and fruiting June through November. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | + | It has been observed flowering January through November and fruiting June through November.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| − | Heating at low temperatures stimulates germination in ''V. gigantea.'' <ref name="Emery et al. 2011"/> | + | Heating at low temperatures stimulates germination in ''V. gigantea.''<ref name="Emery et al. 2011"/> |
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | It has been observed to thrive after low-intensity fires. <ref name="Emery et al. 2011"/> | + | It has been observed to thrive after low-intensity fires.<ref name="Emery et al. 2011"/> |
<!--===Pollination===--> | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | <!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
Revision as of 09:03, 13 May 2021
| Vernonia gigantea | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Vernonia |
| Species: | V. gigantea |
| Binomial name | |
| Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. | |
| |
| Natural range of Vernonia gigantea from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Giant ironweed, Common ironweed
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: V. altissima Nuttal; V. altissima var. taeniotricha.[1]
Description
A description of Vernonia gigantea is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain, V. gigantea has been found in loam soil atop of a ravine; loamy sand in mesic hardwoods; river hammocks; marshes; floodplain forests; upland mixed forest; shortleaf pine-post &red oak-mockernut woods; pine-oak-hickory woods in a ravine; annually burned upland pineland; calcareous slopes; sandy loam in mature hardwoods; sandy open live oak hammocks; sand beneath cabbage palm thicket; calcareous mixed flatwoods hammocks; hammock surrounded by marsh; lowland forests habitats; and sandy peat in a clearing of cabbage palm-live oak hammock.[2] [3] It is found in disturbed successional areas[2] along with moist loam of roadside depressions; loamy sand along edge of channel; open mixed hardwood forest between power-line and road; along powerline corridors; and grassy clearings of pine-palmetto flats. Substrate types include loam, loamy sand, sandy loam, calcareous soils, limestone, sand, and sandy peat.[3]
Associated species include Eupatorium fisulosum, Arnoflossum ovatum, Smilax bona-nox, Morus rubra, Campsis radicans, and cabbage palm.[3]
Phenology
It has been observed flowering January through November and fruiting June through November.[3]
Seed bank and germination
Heating at low temperatures stimulates germination in V. gigantea.[2]
Fire ecology
It has been observed to thrive after low-intensity fires.[2]
Conservation and management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Emery, S. M., J. Uwimbabazi, et al. (2011). "Fire intensity effects on seed germination of native and invasive Eastern deciduous forest understory plants." Forest Ecology and Management 261: 1401-1408.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, Robert L. Lazor, Gary R. Knight, R. Kral, P. L. Redfearn, Jr., R. F. Thorne, R. A. Davidson, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, R. A. Norris, Andre F. Clewell, Sidney McDaniel, R. Komarek, Lisa Keppner, S. W. Leonard, Richard S. Mitchell, D. S. Correll, Grady W. Reinert. States and Counties: Florida: Brevard, Calhoun, Citrus, Dixie, Escambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Polk, Putnam, Seminole, St. Johns, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla, Washington. Georgia: Thomas. Mississippi: Holmes. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
