Difference between revisions of "Bidens alba"

From Coastal Plain Plants Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
(→‎Taxonomic notes)
(→‎Taxonomic notes)
Line 21: Line 21:
 
Synonyms: ''Bidens pilosa'' Linnaeus; ''B. alba'' (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var. ''radiata'' (Schultz ‘Bipontinus’) Ballard ex T.E. Melchert; ''B. pilosa'' Linnaeus var. ''radiata'' (Schultz ‘Bipontinus’).<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
 
Synonyms: ''Bidens pilosa'' Linnaeus; ''B. alba'' (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var. ''radiata'' (Schultz ‘Bipontinus’) Ballard ex T.E. Melchert; ''B. pilosa'' Linnaeus var. ''radiata'' (Schultz ‘Bipontinus’).<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
  
−
Variety: ''Bidens alba'' (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var. ''radiata'' (Schultz 'Bipontinus') Ballard ex T.E. Melchert.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
+
Varieties: ''Bidens alba'' (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var. ''radiata'' (Schultz 'Bipontinus') Ballard ex T.E. Melchert.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
  
 
==Description==  
 
==Description==  

Revision as of 13:34, 4 September 2020

Bidens alba
Bidens alba MMS1.jpg
Photo taken by Michelle Smith
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae
Genus: Bidens
Species: B. alba
Binomial name
Bidens alba
(L.) DC.
Bide alba dist.jpg
Natural range of Bidens alba from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common names: Romerillo; Beggarticks

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: Bidens pilosa Linnaeus; B. alba (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var. radiata (Schultz ‘Bipontinus’) Ballard ex T.E. Melchert; B. pilosa Linnaeus var. radiata (Schultz ‘Bipontinus’).[1]

Varieties: Bidens alba (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle var. radiata (Schultz 'Bipontinus') Ballard ex T.E. Melchert.[1]

Description

B. alba is a weedy annual or a short lived perennial that has vertical roots.[2] [3] Leaves are arranged opposite with depressed midveins.[2]

Distribution

Ecology

Habitat

In the Coastal Plain in Florida, B. alba can be found in pine-oak woodlands.[4] It has been found to be common in disturbed areas such as railroads, citrus orchards, soil dumps and empty lots.[5][4] It has been observed to grow in loamy sand.[4] Associated species include Andropogon, Euphorbia, and Ambrosia.[4]

Phenology

Flowers January and May through November.[4] B. alba has been observed flowering in north Florida year round with peak inflorescence in February and May.[6]

Seed dispersal

The seed has two prongs that stick on to passing by animals, making dispersal zoochorous.[3]

Seed bank and germination

Under cooler conditions, newly added seeds in the seed bank have a slightly higher germination rates than seeds that have resided in the seed bank for a longer time.[5] Germination has also been observed at a wide range of temperatures, pH and salt concentrations; however, is inhibited at highly acidic and moderately alkaline soils and extreme water stress.[5] Germination is not sensitive to light.[5] Germination can be enhanced by splitting the end of the seed.[7]

Pollination

The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Bidens alba at Archbold Biological Station:[8]

Apidae: Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, B. pennsylvanicus, Mellisodes communis, M. comptoides, Nomada fervida

Halictidae: Agapostemon splendens, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, A. gratiosa, Augochloropsis metallica, Dieunomia heteropoda, Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum pectoralis

Megachilidae: Anthidiellum notatum rufomaculatum, A. perplexum, Coelioxys dolichos, C. modesta, C. octodentata, C. sayi, Dolichostelis louisae, Heriades leavitti, Megachile albitarsis, M. brevis pseudobrevis, M. exilis parexilis, M. inimica, M. mendica, M. petulans, M. rugifrons, M. xylocopoides

Sphecidae: Ammophila pictipennis, A. urnaria, Bicyrtes capnoptera, Cerceris blakei, Isodontia exornata, Microbembex monodonta, Philanthus ventilabris

Vespidae: Eumenes smithii, Pachodynerus erynnis, Stenodynerus fundatiformis

Use by animals

Beggar's-tick is a favorite nectaring flower of many species of butterflies.[9]

Diseases and parasites

Crypticerya genistae is an invasive scale insect native to Brazil and is found in association with B. alba.[10]

Morgan and Overholt (2005) found that the Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) had aqueous extracts that negatively affected the the growth of B. alba.[11]

Conservation and management

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

  • Bidens alba with seeds

    Photo by Michelle Smith

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 [Floridata] Accessed December 2, 2015
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 [Eat the Weeds] Accessed December 2, 2015
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Ed Keppner, Lisa Keppner, R. Kral, Annie Schmidt, Kyle W. Shankle. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Gulf, Indian River, Leon, Liberty, Martin, Wakulla. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Ramirez, A. H. M., A. J. Jhala, et al. (2012). "Germination and Emergence Characteristics of Common Beggar's-Tick (Bidens alba)." Weed Science 60(3): 374-378.
  6. ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
  7. ↑ Hall D. W. 1991. The Joy of Weeds Common Beggar's-tick. Palmetto 11(1):15
  8. ↑ Deyrup, M.A. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
  9. ↑ Hall D. W. 1991. The Joy of Weeds Common Beggar's-tick. Palmetto 11(1):15
  10. ↑ Hodges, G. S., Hodges, A. C., & Unruh, C. M.. (2008). A New Exotic Pest for Florida's Natural Areas: Crypticerya genistae (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae). The Florida Entomologist, 91(2), 335–337. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20065981
  11. ↑ Morgan, E. C., & Overholt, W. A.. (2005). Potential Allelopathic Effects of Brazilian Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae) Aqueous Extract on Germination and Growth of Selected Florida Native Plants. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 132(1), 11–15. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20063740
Retrieved from "http://coastalplainplants.org/wiki/index.php?title=Bidens_alba&oldid=89869"