Difference between revisions of "Sanicula smallii"
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | "Plants perennial (or biennial?), glabrous or glabrescent, 2-8 dm tall, branched above, from fibrous or fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves long-petiolate, suborbicular or reniform to widely ovate, 5-20 cm long or wide, palmately divided or cleft, the 3-5 segments elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, usually with evident hyaline margins, reduced and sessile above. Umbels simple, cymosely arranged and thus appearing compound, each cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous, or reduced, bracts; involucre inconspicuous, bracts 4-8 deltoid to lanceolate 1-2 mm long. Flowers perfect or staminate, usually in the same umbel; petals yellow, white or greenish. Fruit uncinated-bristled, subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid; mericarps slightly flattened dorsally, semicircular to subreniform in cross section; carpophore absent." | + | "Plants perennial (or biennial?), glabrous or glabrescent, 2-8 dm tall, branched above, from fibrous or fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves long-petiolate, suborbicular or reniform to widely ovate, 5-20 cm long or wide, palmately divided or cleft, the 3-5 segments elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, usually with evident hyaline margins, reduced and sessile above. Umbels simple, cymosely arranged and thus appearing compound, each cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous, or reduced, bracts; involucre inconspicuous, bracts 4-8 deltoid to lanceolate 1-2 mm long. Flowers perfect or staminate, usually in the same umbel; petals yellow, white or greenish. Fruit uncinated-bristled, subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid; mericarps slightly flattened dorsally, semicircular to subreniform in cross section; carpophore absent." <ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 767. Print.</ref> |
| − | "Leaves thick, somewhat fleshy and dark green, the white veins often prominent when fresh, segments usually 5, lance-elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 3-9 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, serrate-dentate. Peduncles 1-10 cm long. Each umbel of 3 sessile perfect flowers and 4-6 short-pedicellate staminate flowers; calyx lobes shorter than bristles, divergent; petals white or greenish; styles no longer than bristles or ovary or fruit. Fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm long, bristles not bulbous-based." | + | "Leaves thick, somewhat fleshy and dark green, the white veins often prominent when fresh, segments usually 5, lance-elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 3-9 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, serrate-dentate. Peduncles 1-10 cm long. Each umbel of 3 sessile perfect flowers and 4-6 short-pedicellate staminate flowers; calyx lobes shorter than bristles, divergent; petals white or greenish; styles no longer than bristles or ovary or fruit. Fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm long, bristles not bulbous-based." <ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''S. smallii'' has been found in oak-hickory woodlands; loamy soil of steep, shaded ravines; a shell mound within an otherwise low floodplain; deciduous woodlands; mixed pine-hardwood forests; and rich calcareous slopes | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''S. smallii'' has been found in oak-hickory woodlands; loamy soil of steep, shaded ravines; a shell mound within an otherwise low floodplain; deciduous woodlands; mixed pine-hardwood forests; and rich calcareous slopes. <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors:Loran C. Anderson, Patricia Elliot, R.K. Godfrey, H. Kurz, Richard S. Mitchell, Lovett Williams, Lovett Williams Jr. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Walton. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> Associated species include ''Arisaema, Conopholis, Toxicodendron, Diospyros virginiana, Berchemia, Carya, Sabal palmetto, Aesculus pavia, Amorpha fruticosa, Fagus, Magnolia'', and ''Quercus.'' <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Substrate types include loam, sandy humus, loamy soil, and shell mounds. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | Flowers and fruits have been recorded in April and May | + | Flowers and fruits have been recorded in April and May. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
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==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
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Revision as of 13:05, 8 August 2016
| Sanicula smallii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John R. Gwaltney, Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae ⁄ Umbelliferae |
| Genus: | Sanicula |
| Species: | S. smallii |
| Binomial name | |
| Sanicula smallii E.P. Bicknell | |
| |
| Natural range of Sanicula smallii from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Small's blacksnakeroot
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Description
"Plants perennial (or biennial?), glabrous or glabrescent, 2-8 dm tall, branched above, from fibrous or fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves long-petiolate, suborbicular or reniform to widely ovate, 5-20 cm long or wide, palmately divided or cleft, the 3-5 segments elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, usually with evident hyaline margins, reduced and sessile above. Umbels simple, cymosely arranged and thus appearing compound, each cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous, or reduced, bracts; involucre inconspicuous, bracts 4-8 deltoid to lanceolate 1-2 mm long. Flowers perfect or staminate, usually in the same umbel; petals yellow, white or greenish. Fruit uncinated-bristled, subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid; mericarps slightly flattened dorsally, semicircular to subreniform in cross section; carpophore absent." [1]
"Leaves thick, somewhat fleshy and dark green, the white veins often prominent when fresh, segments usually 5, lance-elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 3-9 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, serrate-dentate. Peduncles 1-10 cm long. Each umbel of 3 sessile perfect flowers and 4-6 short-pedicellate staminate flowers; calyx lobes shorter than bristles, divergent; petals white or greenish; styles no longer than bristles or ovary or fruit. Fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm long, bristles not bulbous-based." [1]
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, S. smallii has been found in oak-hickory woodlands; loamy soil of steep, shaded ravines; a shell mound within an otherwise low floodplain; deciduous woodlands; mixed pine-hardwood forests; and rich calcareous slopes. [2] Associated species include Arisaema, Conopholis, Toxicodendron, Diospyros virginiana, Berchemia, Carya, Sabal palmetto, Aesculus pavia, Amorpha fruticosa, Fagus, Magnolia, and Quercus. [2] Substrate types include loam, sandy humus, loamy soil, and shell mounds. [2]
Phenology
Flowers and fruits have been recorded in April and May. [2]
Conservation and management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 767. Print.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors:Loran C. Anderson, Patricia Elliot, R.K. Godfrey, H. Kurz, Richard S. Mitchell, Lovett Williams, Lovett Williams Jr. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Walton. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
