Difference between revisions of "Hypericum tenuifolium"
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''H. tenuifolium'' is a short lived perennial herb that can reach heights of 12 to 18 inches. Stems are reddish brown and are covered with short needle-like shiny deep green leaves <ref name="uga">[[http://www.caes.uga.edu/extension/chatham/anr/documents/CHU0614.pdf]]UGA Extension Accessed: January 6, 2016</ref>. The flowers have 5 yellow petals, 5 persistent sepals, a superior ovary, and are bisexual and radially symmetrical <ref name="name">[[http://www.namethatplant.net/plantdetail.shtml?plant=2628]] Name that Plant. Accessed: January 6, 2016</ref>. A distinctive characteristic of this species is a long seed capsule, ranging from 6 to 9 mmm long <ref name="phytoneuron">[[http://www.phytoneuron.net/76PhytoN-Hypericum.pdf]] Accessed: January 6, 2016</ref>. | ''H. tenuifolium'' is a short lived perennial herb that can reach heights of 12 to 18 inches. Stems are reddish brown and are covered with short needle-like shiny deep green leaves <ref name="uga">[[http://www.caes.uga.edu/extension/chatham/anr/documents/CHU0614.pdf]]UGA Extension Accessed: January 6, 2016</ref>. The flowers have 5 yellow petals, 5 persistent sepals, a superior ovary, and are bisexual and radially symmetrical <ref name="name">[[http://www.namethatplant.net/plantdetail.shtml?plant=2628]] Name that Plant. Accessed: January 6, 2016</ref>. A distinctive characteristic of this species is a long seed capsule, ranging from 6 to 9 mmm long <ref name="phytoneuron">[[http://www.phytoneuron.net/76PhytoN-Hypericum.pdf]] Accessed: January 6, 2016</ref>. | ||
| − | “Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric or oblong. In general our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.” | + | “Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric or oblong. In general our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.” <ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 709-712. Print.</ref> |
| − | "Decumbent, matted shrub, 1-5 dm tall, stems usually angled. Leaves linear-subulate, the largest 5-13 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, acute, slightly revolute, base notched, sessile. Cymules or dichasia terminal and axillary, or flower solitary, axillary. Sepals 5, similar to leaves, usually less than4.5 mm long; petals 5, 4-10 mm long; styles 3, united or usually separate in fruit, 0.8-3 mm long, ovary 3-locular. Capsules subcylindric, 6-9 mm long, 1.5-2 mm broad; seeds blackish, ca. 0.5 mm long." | + | "Decumbent, matted shrub, 1-5 dm tall, stems usually angled. Leaves linear-subulate, the largest 5-13 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, acute, slightly revolute, base notched, sessile. Cymules or dichasia terminal and axillary, or flower solitary, axillary. Sepals 5, similar to leaves, usually less than4.5 mm long; petals 5, 4-10 mm long; styles 3, united or usually separate in fruit, 0.8-3 mm long, ovary 3-locular. Capsules subcylindric, 6-9 mm long, 1.5-2 mm broad; seeds blackish, ca. 0.5 mm long." <ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | This species is found in dry, sandy, open sites with good drainage such as sandy woods, dunes and dune hollows, lowland and coastal areas <ref name="hypericum">[[http://hypericum.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/924/descriptions]] Hypericum online. Accessed: January 6, 2016</ref>. It is drought tolerant, however does not favor well in soils that remain wet for extended periods<ref name="uga"/>. Associated species include ''Polygonella polygama, Pinus palustris'' and ''Paronychia chartacea'' | + | This species is found in dry, sandy, open sites with good drainage such as sandy woods, dunes and dune hollows, lowland and coastal areas <ref name="hypericum">[[http://hypericum.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/924/descriptions]] Hypericum online. Accessed: January 6, 2016</ref>. It is drought tolerant, however does not favor well in soils that remain wet for extended periods<ref name="uga"/>. Associated species include ''Polygonella polygama, Pinus palustris'' and ''Paronychia chartacea''. <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Ann Johnson. States and Counties: Florida: Bay. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
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<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Hypericum tenuifolium'' at Archbold Biological Station | + | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Hypericum tenuifolium'' at Archbold Biological Station: <ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> |
Apidae: ''Apis mellifera, Bombus griseocollis, B. impatiens'' | Apidae: ''Apis mellifera, Bombus griseocollis, B. impatiens'' | ||
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</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
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Revision as of 14:31, 29 July 2016
| Hypericum tenuifolium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Keith Bradley, Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Theales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae ⁄ Guttiferae |
| Genus: | Hypericum |
| Species: | H. tenuifolium |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypericum tenuifolium Pursh | |
| |
| Natural range of Hypericum tenuifolium from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Atlantic St. Johnswort
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Hypericum reductum (Svenson) W.P. Adams; H. aspalathoides Willdenow
Description
H. tenuifolium is a short lived perennial herb that can reach heights of 12 to 18 inches. Stems are reddish brown and are covered with short needle-like shiny deep green leaves [1]. The flowers have 5 yellow petals, 5 persistent sepals, a superior ovary, and are bisexual and radially symmetrical [2]. A distinctive characteristic of this species is a long seed capsule, ranging from 6 to 9 mmm long [3].
“Usually glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually punctate, simple, opposite, entire, usually sessile or subsessile, exstipulate. Inflorescence basically cymose; flowers perfect, regular, bracteates, subsessile or short-pedicellate, sepals 2, 4, or 5, persistent; petals 4 or 5, usually marcescent, yellow or pink; stamens 5-numerous, separate or connate basally forming 3-5 clusters or fascicles, filaments usually persistent; carpels 2-5, stigmas and styles separate or fused, ovary superior, 1-locular or partly or wholly 2-5 locular, placentation axile or parietal. Capsules basically ovoid, longitudinally dehiscent, styles usually persistent; seeds numerous, lustrous, areolate, cylindric or oblong. In general our species form a polymorphic complex with many intergrading taxa.” [4]
"Decumbent, matted shrub, 1-5 dm tall, stems usually angled. Leaves linear-subulate, the largest 5-13 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, acute, slightly revolute, base notched, sessile. Cymules or dichasia terminal and axillary, or flower solitary, axillary. Sepals 5, similar to leaves, usually less than4.5 mm long; petals 5, 4-10 mm long; styles 3, united or usually separate in fruit, 0.8-3 mm long, ovary 3-locular. Capsules subcylindric, 6-9 mm long, 1.5-2 mm broad; seeds blackish, ca. 0.5 mm long." [4]
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
This species is found in dry, sandy, open sites with good drainage such as sandy woods, dunes and dune hollows, lowland and coastal areas [5]. It is drought tolerant, however does not favor well in soils that remain wet for extended periods[1]. Associated species include Polygonella polygama, Pinus palustris and Paronychia chartacea. [6]
Phenology
Flowering occurs during late spring and early summer with more than a dozen flowers open at any time [1]. Flowers are yellow and aromatic with the fruit capsule ranging from 6 to 9 mm in length[3].
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Hypericum tenuifolium at Archbold Biological Station: [7]
Apidae: Apis mellifera, Bombus griseocollis, B. impatiens
Colletidae: Colletes distinctus, C. productus, C. sp. A, Hylaeus confluens
Halictidae: Augochlorella aurata, A. gratiosa, Augochloropsis anonyma, A. metallica, A. sumptuosa, Lasioglossum miniatulus, L. nymphalis, L. placidensis, L. tamiamensis
Megachilidae: Anthidiellum perplexum, Dianthidium floridiense, Megachile albitarsis, M. brevis pseudobrevis, M. rugifrons
Conservation and management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 [[1]]UGA Extension Accessed: January 6, 2016
- ↑ [[2]] Name that Plant. Accessed: January 6, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 [[3]] Accessed: January 6, 2016
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 709-712. Print.
- ↑ [[4]] Hypericum online. Accessed: January 6, 2016
- ↑ Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Ann Johnson. States and Counties: Florida: Bay. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
