Difference between revisions of "Galium tinctorium"
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A perennial plant with 5-6 whorled dark green leaves per node along the stem <ref name="gobotany">[[https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/galium/tinctorium/ Go Botany]]Accessed: December 11, 2015</ref>. Roots are fibrous and rhizomatous. Flowers are radially symmetrical and are in clusters of three arising from leaf axiles and at the end of branching stems <ref name="minnesota">[[https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/stiff-marsh-bedstraw]]Accessed: December 11, 2015</ref>. | A perennial plant with 5-6 whorled dark green leaves per node along the stem <ref name="gobotany">[[https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/galium/tinctorium/ Go Botany]]Accessed: December 11, 2015</ref>. Roots are fibrous and rhizomatous. Flowers are radially symmetrical and are in clusters of three arising from leaf axiles and at the end of branching stems <ref name="minnesota">[[https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/stiff-marsh-bedstraw]]Accessed: December 11, 2015</ref>. | ||
| − | Generally, ''Galium'' genus are "perennial or annual herbs, the stems weak, often scabrous; the roots often red or orange. Leaves whorled, entire. Flowers in simple or profusely branched cymes or the inflorescence reduced and the flowers 1-several and axillary; sepals usually obsolete, corolla rotate, 3-5 lobed; stamens 3-5. Fruit dry or sometimes fleshy, indehiscent, subglobose or reniform, or if the two carpels both develop and stay together the fruit broader than long." | + | Generally, ''Galium'' genus are "perennial or annual herbs, the stems weak, often scabrous; the roots often red or orange. Leaves whorled, entire. Flowers in simple or profusely branched cymes or the inflorescence reduced and the flowers 1-several and axillary; sepals usually obsolete, corolla rotate, 3-5 lobed; stamens 3-5. Fruit dry or sometimes fleshy, indehiscent, subglobose or reniform, or if the two carpels both develop and stay together the fruit broader than long." - Radford et al 1964 |
| − | + | Specifically, for this species, ''G. tinctorium'' is an "annual (?), stems lax, spreading or reclining, simple or weakly branched, 2-5 dm long, minutely scaberulous, glabrous. Leaves usually 5-6 per node, rarely 4, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 5-12 mm long, 1-2 mm wide or rarely more, rounded, glabrous. Corolla 3-lobed, white. Fruit dry, black, smooth subglobose, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. " - Radford et al 1964 | |
| − | Specifically, for this species, ''G. tinctorium'' is an "annual (?), stems lax, spreading or reclining, simple or weakly branched, 2-5 dm long, minutely scaberulous, glabrous. Leaves usually 5-6 per node, rarely 4, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 5-12 mm long, 1-2 mm wide or rarely more, rounded, glabrous. Corolla 3-lobed, white. Fruit dry, black, smooth subglobose, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. " | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''G. tinctorium'' has been found in cabbage palm hammocks, boggy depressions in coastal hammocks, bordering lakes, wet pine flatwoods, cypress swamps, river banks, ''Nyssa'' bottomlands, longleaf pine/saw palmetto flatwoods, sweetbay swamps, and bordering salt marshes. It can also occur in human disturbed areas such as roadside ditches, gas pipeline corridors, shores of drainage canals, and roadside seepage zones | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''G. tinctorium'' has been found in cabbage palm hammocks, boggy depressions in coastal hammocks, bordering lakes, wet pine flatwoods, cypress swamps, river banks, ''Nyssa'' bottomlands, longleaf pine/saw palmetto flatwoods, sweetbay swamps, and bordering salt marshes. It can also occur in human disturbed areas such as roadside ditches, gas pipeline corridors, shores of drainage canals, and roadside seepage zones (FSU Herbarium). Soil types include sandy loam, loamy clay, and clayey sand (FSU Herbarium). Associated species include ''Lilaeopsis carolinensis, Typha latifolia, Hydrocotyle umbellata, Fraxinus, Liquidambar, Acer, Gleditsia, Nyssa, Ulmus'', and ''Carpinus'' (FSU Herbarium). |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''G. tinctorium'' flowers March through May and fruits April through August | + | ''G. tinctorium'' flowers March through May and fruits April through August (FSU Herbarium). Flowers are hermaphroditic <ref name="pfaf">[[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Galium+tinctorium]] Accessed: December 11, 2015 </ref>. Fruits are a pair of tiny, smooth round pods, each containing a seed<ref name="minnesota"/>. |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Galium tinctorium'' at Archbold Biological Station | + | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Galium tinctorium'' at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015): |
Vespidae: ''Leptochilus alcolhuus'' | Vespidae: ''Leptochilus alcolhuus'' | ||
| Line 50: | Line 49: | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| + | Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: : Loran C. Anderson, George R. Cooley, M.W. Cullen,R. J. Eaton, J.P. Gillespie, R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, J.M. Kane, R. Kral, R.B. Ledin, Robert J. Lemaire, S.W. Leonard, William Lindsey, Sidney McDaniel, R.C. Phillips, James D. Ray, P.L. Redfearn , Grady Reinert, Paul O. Schallert, Cecil R. Slaughter, John K. Small, E. Smith, J.N. Triplett Jr., C.E. Wood. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, DeSoto, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hamilton, Highland, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Orange, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Johns, Union, Wakulla, Washington. Georgia: Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 984-7. Print. | ||
Revision as of 22:24, 26 June 2016
| Galium tinctorium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Dennis Girard, Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Rubiales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | Galium |
| Species: | G. tinctorium |
| Binomial name | |
| Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. | |
| |
| Natural range of Galium tinctorium from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: stiff marsh bedstraw
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Galium obtusum var. floridanum (Wiegand) Fernald; G. claytonii Michaux; G. tinctorium ssp. floridanum (Wiegand) Puff
Description
A perennial plant with 5-6 whorled dark green leaves per node along the stem [1]. Roots are fibrous and rhizomatous. Flowers are radially symmetrical and are in clusters of three arising from leaf axiles and at the end of branching stems [2].
Generally, Galium genus are "perennial or annual herbs, the stems weak, often scabrous; the roots often red or orange. Leaves whorled, entire. Flowers in simple or profusely branched cymes or the inflorescence reduced and the flowers 1-several and axillary; sepals usually obsolete, corolla rotate, 3-5 lobed; stamens 3-5. Fruit dry or sometimes fleshy, indehiscent, subglobose or reniform, or if the two carpels both develop and stay together the fruit broader than long." - Radford et al 1964
Specifically, for this species, G. tinctorium is an "annual (?), stems lax, spreading or reclining, simple or weakly branched, 2-5 dm long, minutely scaberulous, glabrous. Leaves usually 5-6 per node, rarely 4, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 5-12 mm long, 1-2 mm wide or rarely more, rounded, glabrous. Corolla 3-lobed, white. Fruit dry, black, smooth subglobose, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. " - Radford et al 1964
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, G. tinctorium has been found in cabbage palm hammocks, boggy depressions in coastal hammocks, bordering lakes, wet pine flatwoods, cypress swamps, river banks, Nyssa bottomlands, longleaf pine/saw palmetto flatwoods, sweetbay swamps, and bordering salt marshes. It can also occur in human disturbed areas such as roadside ditches, gas pipeline corridors, shores of drainage canals, and roadside seepage zones (FSU Herbarium). Soil types include sandy loam, loamy clay, and clayey sand (FSU Herbarium). Associated species include Lilaeopsis carolinensis, Typha latifolia, Hydrocotyle umbellata, Fraxinus, Liquidambar, Acer, Gleditsia, Nyssa, Ulmus, and Carpinus (FSU Herbarium).
Phenology
G. tinctorium flowers March through May and fruits April through August (FSU Herbarium). Flowers are hermaphroditic [3]. Fruits are a pair of tiny, smooth round pods, each containing a seed[2].
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Galium tinctorium at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):
Vespidae: Leptochilus alcolhuus
Conservation and management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: : Loran C. Anderson, George R. Cooley, M.W. Cullen,R. J. Eaton, J.P. Gillespie, R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, J.M. Kane, R. Kral, R.B. Ledin, Robert J. Lemaire, S.W. Leonard, William Lindsey, Sidney McDaniel, R.C. Phillips, James D. Ray, P.L. Redfearn , Grady Reinert, Paul O. Schallert, Cecil R. Slaughter, John K. Small, E. Smith, J.N. Triplett Jr., C.E. Wood. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Columbia, DeSoto, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Hamilton, Highland, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Orange, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Johns, Union, Wakulla, Washington. Georgia: Thomas. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 984-7. Print.
