Difference between revisions of "Dyschoriste oblongifolia"
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| − | Seeds are dispersed by ants<ref name="Creech et al 2012">Creech, M. N., L. K. Kirkman, et al. (2012). "Alteration and Recovery of Slash Pile Burn Sites in the Restoration of a Fire-Maintained Ecosystem." Restoration Ecology 20(4): 505-516.</ref>. Although it spreads primiarily by underground runners, it does produce many seeds when its seed capsules split open.<ref name="Huegel"/> | + | Seeds are dispersed by ants<ref name="Creech et al 2012">Creech, M. N., L. K. Kirkman, et al. (2012). "Alteration and Recovery of Slash Pile Burn Sites in the Restoration of a Fire-Maintained Ecosystem." Restoration Ecology 20(4): 505-516.</ref>. Although it spreads primiarily by underground runners, it does produce many seeds when its seed capsules split open.<ref name="Huegel"/> According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by explosion mechanisms or by ants. <ref name="KK"> Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015. </ref> |
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
Revision as of 11:34, 31 March 2016
| Dyschoriste oblongifolia | |
|---|---|
| |
| photo by Kevin Robertson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Scrophulariales |
| Family: | Acanthaceae |
| Genus: | Dyschoriste |
| Species: | D. oblongifolia |
| Binomial name | |
| Dyschoriste oblongifolia (Michx.) Kunz | |
| |
| Natural range of Dyschoriste oblongifolia. Image from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: oblongleaf snakeherb
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonym: Dyschoriste oblongifolia var. oblongifolia
Description
Dyschoriste oblongifolia, a perennial herb with opposite branches from elongate, slender rhizomes. Plant 1-5 dm tall; stems pilose. Leaves glabrate, oblanceolate to eliptic, to 4.5 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, entire or undulate, ciliate, sesslie or subsessile. Flowers subsessile, solitary or clustered in the leaf axils; bracts foliaceous, opposite, 15-18 mm long. Calyx pubescent, 15-20 cm long, tube short, lobes 5, linear-aristate; corolla 1.5-3 cm long, blue, funnelform, somewhat 2-lipped, lobes 5, 5-10 cm long; stamens 4, anther locules parallel; style to 1.5 cm long, 1-2 ovlues per locule, seeds 1 per locule, gray, ca. 2.5 mm broad. Capsules, brown, oblong, 12-14 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter (Radford et al. 1968).
D. oblongifolia is a low-growing groundcover that spreads by underground runners [1]
Distribution
The Florida distribution is provided by the Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants.
Ecology
Habitat
Indicator of native (unplowed) longleaf pine woodlands in upland Ultisol soils, and conversely rarely found on pasture or cultivated lands in that soil type[2][3][4]). Appears to be restricted to soils with a sandy A horizon, whether in Entisols (sandhills) or Ultisols (clayhills)[5]. Where present in native longleaf pine-wiregrass habitats it is common and abundant [6][3].
Dyschoriste oblongifolia has been found to be strongly associated with native groundcover as opposed to old-field groundcover upland pinelands of southern Georgia.[3]. This species also has been observed in scrub environments, turkey oak barrens, wiregrass-palmetto flatwoods, mixed hardwood forests, mixed pine-hardwoods, and slopes and ridges of longleaf pine forests (FSU Herbarium)[7][8] It is abundant in longleaf pine communities.[9] Resides in upland, midslope, and lowland areas old growth longleaf pine/wiregrass sandhill habitat.[7]. In deep sand soils it can grow in human disturbed areas such as recently cleared pine forests, ruderal edges of sandhills, roadsides, plowed areas, bulldozed areas, and open fields[10]. This suggests that its absence from Ultisols influenced by past agriculture may be in part due to changes in the soil structure associated with erosion of the sandy A horizon[5], and it may also relate to loss of native ants that act as seed dispersers[4]. D. oblongifolia can grow in both full light and semi shaded environments in deep, loose, and/or loamy sands along ridges and generally flat areas[10].
Although it spreads by runners, it does not compete well with larger and denser species[1].
Associated species include Serenoa repens, Ilex glabra, Myrica, Aristida, Quercus laevis, Scutellaria multiglandulosa, Tephrosia virginiana [10].
Phenology
D. oblongifolia germinates and flowers within a few weeks following fire at a wide range of burn dates, at least from March to July[5]. It has been observed to flower from April to October[10]. Kevin Robertson has observed this species flower within three months of burning. KMR
Seed dispersal
Seeds are dispersed by ants[4]. Although it spreads primiarily by underground runners, it does produce many seeds when its seed capsules split open.[1] According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by explosion mechanisms or by ants. [11]
Fire ecology
It has been found in both burned and unburned areas[10]. It resprouts rapidly after fire[9] and flowers predictably within one or two months following burning in the spring and summer[5][12]. Conversely, flowering is rather sparse and inconsistent in years without fire [13]
Pollination
It attracts many pollinators, especially bees[1].
Use by animals
It is a larval food sources for the common buckeye butterfly (Junonia coenia)[1].
Conservation and management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Mast, A. R., A. Stuy, G. Nelson, A. Bugher, N. Weddington, J. Vega, K. Weismantel, D. S. Feller, and D. Paul. 2004 onward (continuously updated). Database of Florida State University's Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium. Website http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu/ [accessed 13 November 2015]. Collectors: Andre Clewell, Robert Godfrey, Robert Kral, P.L. Redfearn, Jr., William P. Adams, Loran Anderson, Richard Carter, H. Larry Stripling, S.W. Leonard, Gwynn W. Ramsey, R.S. Mitchell, George Cooley, James D. Ray, Jr., C.E. Wood, C.E. Smith, R.J. Eaton, Roy Komarek, Gary R. Knight, Mark A. Garland, C. Jackson, Mary Margaret Williams, T. Myint, Grady W. Reinert, Bill & Pam Anderson, John B. Nelson, R. L. Wilbur, C. R. Bell, Rodie White, R. A. Norris, D. C. Hunt, and Wilson Baker. States and Counties: Alabama: Heny. Florida: Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, and Wakulla. Georgia: Bryan, Grady, McIntosh, Seminole, Sumter, and Thomas. South Carolina: Hampton and Jasper.
Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 1183 pp.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Huegel, Craig. [Florida Native Wildflowers] Accessed November 13, 2015
- ↑ Brudvig, L. A. and E. I. Damschen (2010). "Land-use history, historical connectivity, and land management interact to determine longleaf pine woodland understory richness and composition." Ecography 34: 257-266.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ostertag, T.E. and K.M. Robertson. 2007. A comparison of native versus old-field vegetation in upland pinelands managed with frequent fire, South Georgia, USA. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings 23:109-120.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Creech, M. N., L. K. Kirkman, et al. (2012). "Alteration and Recovery of Slash Pile Burn Sites in the Restoration of a Fire-Maintained Ecosystem." Restoration Ecology 20(4): 505-516.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Robertson, Kevin M. personal observation.
- ↑ Kirkman, L. K., M. B. Drew, et al. (1998). "Effects of experimental fire regimes on the population dynamics of Schwalbea americana L." Plant Ecology 137: 115-137.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gilliam, F. S., W. J. Platt, et al. (2006). "Natural disturbances and the physiognomy of pine savannas: A phenomenological model." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 83-96.
- ↑ Wade, K. A. and E. S. Menges (1987). "Effects of fire on invasion and community structure of a southern Indiana cedar barrens." Indiana Academy of Science 96: 273-286.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Simkin, S. M., W. K. Michener, et al. (2001). "Plant response following soil disturbance in a longleaf pine ecosystem." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 128: 208-218.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Mast, A. R., A. Stuy, G. Nelson, A. Bugher, N. Weddington, J. Vega, K. Weismantel, D. S. Feller, and D. Paul. 2004 onward (continuously updated). Database of Florida State University's Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium. Website http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu/ [accessed 13 November 2015]. Collectors: Andre Clewell, Robert Godfrey, Robert Kral, P.L. Redfearn, Jr., William P. Adams, Loran Anderson, Richard Carter, H. Larry Stripling, S.W. Leonard, Gwynn W. Ramsey, R.S. Mitchell, George Cooley, James D. Ray, Jr., C.E. Wood, C.E. Smith, R.J. Eaton, Roy Komarek, Gary R. Knight, Mark A. Garland, C. Jackson, Mary Margaret Williams, T. Myint, Grady W. Reinert, Bill & Pam Anderson, John B. Nelson, R. L. Wilbur, C. R. Bell, Rodie White, R. A. Norris, D. C. Hunt, and Wilson Baker. States and Counties: Alabama: Heny. Florida: Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, and Wakulla. Georgia: Bryan, Grady, McIntosh, Seminole, Sumter, and Thomas. South Carolina: Hampton and Jasper
- ↑ Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015.
- ↑ Pavon, M. L. (1995). Diversity and response of ground cover arthropod communities to different seasonal burns in longleaf pine forests. Tallahassee, Florida A&M University.
- ↑ Robertson, Kevin M. observations at Pebble Hill Fire Plots on Pebble Hill Plantation near Thomasville, Georgia.
