Difference between revisions of "Andropogon arctatus"
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | It is a perennial. <ref name="Hall1978"> Hall, David Walter (1978). “The Grasses of Florida.” University of Florida – Dissertation. 442. Print. </ref> Perennial grass growing up to 1.5 m tall. The leaves are long and narrow and tend to curl. The spikelets are numerous and have paired racemes that grow from the sheaths. The flowers are densely covered with tawny hairs. The seeds are wind-dispersed. <ref name="NS2015"> Nature Serve. (2015) “NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application].” Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://explorer.natureserve.org. (Accessed: March 29, 2016 ). </ref> | + | It is a perennial.<ref name="Hall1978"> Hall, David Walter (1978). “The Grasses of Florida.” University of Florida – Dissertation. 442. Print.</ref> Perennial grass growing up to 1.5 m tall. The leaves are long and narrow and tend to curl. The spikelets are numerous and have paired racemes that grow from the sheaths. The flowers are densely covered with tawny hairs. The seeds are wind-dispersed.<ref name="NS2015"> Nature Serve. (2015) “NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application].” Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://explorer.natureserve.org. (Accessed: March 29, 2016 ).</ref> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | It is occasionally found in northern and central peninsula of Florida; central and western panhandle. <ref name="WH2003"> Wunderlin, Richard P. and Bruce F. Hansen (2003). “Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida.” Second edition. University Press of Florida: Gainesville/Tallahassee/Tampa/Boca Raton/Pensacola/Orlando/Miami/Jacksonville/Ft. Myers. 177. Print. </ref> It is found in Florida and Alabama. There is records showing that this species was found in North Carolina as well. <ref name="Weakley2015"> Weakley, Alan S. (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States: working draft". University of NCU. 354. Print </ref> | + | It is occasionally found in northern and central peninsula of Florida; central and western panhandle.<ref name="WH2003"> Wunderlin, Richard P. and Bruce F. Hansen (2003). “Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida.” Second edition. University Press of Florida: Gainesville/Tallahassee/Tampa/Boca Raton/Pensacola/Orlando/Miami/Jacksonville/Ft. Myers. 177. Print.</ref> It is found in Florida and Alabama. There is records showing that this species was found in North Carolina as well.<ref name="Weakley2015"> Weakley, Alan S. (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States: working draft". University of NCU. 354. Print</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | This species grows scattered throughout its habitat but is very abundant.<ref name="FSU">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey, Ann F. Johnson, Debbie White, Loran C. Anderson, A. F. Clewell, Christopher Campbell, Angus Gholson, Dennis Hardin, and Ann F. Johnson. States and Counties: Florida: Franklin, Liberty, Jackson, Gulf, Bay, Leon, and Calhoun. Georgia: Liberty.</ref> It is found in moist, sunny, low grass-sedge clearings and open pine flatwood and savanna communities <ref name="Kral1983"/> as well as pinelands. <ref name="Weakley2015"/> It is found in dry to wet loamy sands and sand pine scrub environments.<ref name="WH2003"/> <ref name="FSU"></ref> Associated species include ''Pinus palustris, P. elliotii, Aristida stricta, Hypericum chapmanii,'' and ''Ilex myrtifolia.''<ref name="FSU"></ref> Other associated species include ''Quercus nigra, Q. minima, Q. elliottii, Magnolia virginiana, Ilex glabra, Clethra alnifolia'' var. ''tomentosa, Gaylussacia tomentosa, Vaccinium myrsinites, Kalmia hirsuta, Serenoa repens, Myrica cerifera'' var. ''pumila'', other ''Andropogon'' species, ''Schizachyrium'' sp., ''Anthaenantia rufa, Panicum rigidulum, P. verrucosum,'' and ''Aristida'' species. It can also be found in seepage wetlands like pitcher plant bogs or wet pine savannas. <ref name="NS2015"/> ''Andropogon arctatus'' is one of the indicator grass-species for the understory vegetation of Florida’s panhandle seepage savannas. <ref name=”Carr2010”> Carr, Susan C., Kevin M. Robertson, and Robert K. Peet (2010). “A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida.” Castanea 75(2):153-189.</ref> | + | This species grows scattered throughout its habitat but is very abundant.<ref name="FSU">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey, Ann F. Johnson, Debbie White, Loran C. Anderson, A. F. Clewell, Christopher Campbell, Angus Gholson, Dennis Hardin, and Ann F. Johnson. States and Counties: Florida: Franklin, Liberty, Jackson, Gulf, Bay, Leon, and Calhoun. Georgia: Liberty.</ref> It is found in moist, sunny, low grass-sedge clearings and open pine flatwood and savanna communities<ref name="Kral1983"/> as well as pinelands.<ref name="Weakley2015"/> It is found in dry to wet loamy sands and sand pine scrub environments.<ref name="WH2003"/><ref name="FSU"></ref> Associated species include ''Pinus palustris, P. elliotii, Aristida stricta, Hypericum chapmanii,'' and ''Ilex myrtifolia.''<ref name="FSU"></ref> Other associated species include ''Quercus nigra, Q. minima, Q. elliottii, Magnolia virginiana, Ilex glabra, Clethra alnifolia'' var. ''tomentosa, Gaylussacia tomentosa, Vaccinium myrsinites, Kalmia hirsuta, Serenoa repens, Myrica cerifera'' var. ''pumila'', other ''Andropogon'' species, ''Schizachyrium'' sp., ''Anthaenantia rufa, Panicum rigidulum, P. verrucosum,'' and ''Aristida'' species. It can also be found in seepage wetlands like pitcher plant bogs or wet pine savannas.<ref name="NS2015"/> ''Andropogon arctatus'' is one of the indicator grass-species for the understory vegetation of Florida’s panhandle seepage savannas.<ref name=”Carr2010”> Carr, Susan C., Kevin M. Robertson, and Robert K. Peet (2010). “A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida.” Castanea 75(2):153-189.</ref> |
''Andropogon arctatus'' is an indicator species for the Lower Panhandle Savannas and Panhandle Seepage Savannas community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ''Andropogon arctatus'' is an indicator species for the Lower Panhandle Savannas and Panhandle Seepage Savannas community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ||
===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''Andropogon arctatus'' | + | ''Andropogon arctatus'' has been observed flowering from October to November.<ref name="Kral1983"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021</ref> It has been observed fruiting from October through November.<ref name="FSU"></ref> |
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| − | The plumed seeds are wind-dispersed. <ref name="NS2015"/> | + | The plumed seeds are wind-dispersed.<ref name="NS2015"/> |
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | It is maintained by fire. <ref name="Kral1983"> Kral, R. (1983). "Andropogon arctatus Chapm. A report on some rare, threatened or endangered forest-related vascular plants of the South." Atlanta, GA, USDA Forest Service, Print. 183: 40-43.</ref> Flowers in the fall after a fire event has occurred that same year.[[annjohnson]]<ref> Ann Johnson black creek bog phenological data 1993-2015</ref> | + | It is maintained by fire.<ref name="Kral1983"> Kral, R. (1983). "Andropogon arctatus Chapm. A report on some rare, threatened or endangered forest-related vascular plants of the South." Atlanta, GA, USDA Forest Service, Print. 183: 40-43.</ref> Flowers in the fall after a fire event has occurred that same year.[[annjohnson]]<ref> Ann Johnson black creek bog phenological data 1993-2015</ref> |
<!--===Pollination===--> | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
<!--===Use by animals===--> | <!--===Use by animals===--> | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| − | Is listed as vulnerable. <ref name="NS2015"/> | + | Is listed as vulnerable.<ref name="NS2015"/> |
==Cultural use== | ==Cultural use== | ||
Revision as of 14:49, 7 June 2021
| Andropogon arctatus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Ann Johnson, Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida – Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae ⁄ Gramineae |
| Genus: | Andropogon |
| Species: | A. arctatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Andropogon arctatus Chapm. | |
| |
| Natural range of Andropogon arctatus from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Florida bluestem; Pineland bluestem
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: None.[1]
Varieties: None.[1]
Description
It is a perennial.[2] Perennial grass growing up to 1.5 m tall. The leaves are long and narrow and tend to curl. The spikelets are numerous and have paired racemes that grow from the sheaths. The flowers are densely covered with tawny hairs. The seeds are wind-dispersed.[3]
Distribution
It is occasionally found in northern and central peninsula of Florida; central and western panhandle.[4] It is found in Florida and Alabama. There is records showing that this species was found in North Carolina as well.[5]
Ecology
Habitat
This species grows scattered throughout its habitat but is very abundant.[6] It is found in moist, sunny, low grass-sedge clearings and open pine flatwood and savanna communities[7] as well as pinelands.[5] It is found in dry to wet loamy sands and sand pine scrub environments.[4][6] Associated species include Pinus palustris, P. elliotii, Aristida stricta, Hypericum chapmanii, and Ilex myrtifolia.[6] Other associated species include Quercus nigra, Q. minima, Q. elliottii, Magnolia virginiana, Ilex glabra, Clethra alnifolia var. tomentosa, Gaylussacia tomentosa, Vaccinium myrsinites, Kalmia hirsuta, Serenoa repens, Myrica cerifera var. pumila, other Andropogon species, Schizachyrium sp., Anthaenantia rufa, Panicum rigidulum, P. verrucosum, and Aristida species. It can also be found in seepage wetlands like pitcher plant bogs or wet pine savannas.[3] Andropogon arctatus is one of the indicator grass-species for the understory vegetation of Florida’s panhandle seepage savannas.[8]
Andropogon arctatus is an indicator species for the Lower Panhandle Savannas and Panhandle Seepage Savannas community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).[9]
Phenology
Andropogon arctatus has been observed flowering from October to November.[7][10] It has been observed fruiting from October through November.[6]
Seed dispersal
The plumed seeds are wind-dispersed.[3]
Fire ecology
It is maintained by fire.[7] Flowers in the fall after a fire event has occurred that same year.annjohnson[11]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Is listed as vulnerable.[3]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Hall, David Walter (1978). “The Grasses of Florida.” University of Florida – Dissertation. 442. Print.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Nature Serve. (2015) “NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application].” Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://explorer.natureserve.org. (Accessed: March 29, 2016 ).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wunderlin, Richard P. and Bruce F. Hansen (2003). “Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida.” Second edition. University Press of Florida: Gainesville/Tallahassee/Tampa/Boca Raton/Pensacola/Orlando/Miami/Jacksonville/Ft. Myers. 177. Print.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Weakley, Alan S. (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States: working draft". University of NCU. 354. Print
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey, Ann F. Johnson, Debbie White, Loran C. Anderson, A. F. Clewell, Christopher Campbell, Angus Gholson, Dennis Hardin, and Ann F. Johnson. States and Counties: Florida: Franklin, Liberty, Jackson, Gulf, Bay, Leon, and Calhoun. Georgia: Liberty.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kral, R. (1983). "Andropogon arctatus Chapm. A report on some rare, threatened or endangered forest-related vascular plants of the South." Atlanta, GA, USDA Forest Service, Print. 183: 40-43.
- ↑ Carr, Susan C., Kevin M. Robertson, and Robert K. Peet (2010). “A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida.” Castanea 75(2):153-189.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021
- ↑ Ann Johnson black creek bog phenological data 1993-2015
