Difference between revisions of "Dichanthelium angustifolium"
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''D. angustifolium'' is found in sandy pinelands and fields. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from wet | + | ''D. angustifolium'' is found in sandy pinelands and fields. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from wet pine flatwoods, open oak woodland, flatwoods with palmetto, moist soils of drainage areas, bayhead of river, old field, coastal hammock, pine savanna,sand pine scrub, wiregrass savanna, sandy margin of limesink, margin of lake, sandy fields, and slash pine flats. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Cecil R. Slaughter, Loran C. Anderson, Ann Johnson, W.C. Brumbach, R.F> THorne, R.A. Davidson, Steve Orzell, Edwin Bridges, R.K. Godfrey, Lloyd H. Shinners, R.Kral, Tara Baridi, Rex Ellis, Sidney McDaniel, Randy Haynes, A.F. Clewell, A.E. Radford, R.B. Channel, H.R. Reed, John Thieret, H.L. Blomquist, Delzie Demaree, Richard R. Clinebell II, Richard Carter, Keith Bradley, Robert Lazor, Grady Reinert, Frank Gould, Wm. Atwater, H. Kurz, Gwynn Ramsey, R.S. Mitchell, J. Hunter, M. Knott, R. Dale Thomas, W. R. Anderson, Hurt Blum, S.W. Leonard, C.R. Bell, D. J. Banks, F. Maturo, J.B. McFarlin. States and counties: Florida (Volusia, Leon, Putnam, Wakulla, Bay, Lee, Liberty, Madison, Franklin, Escambia, washington, Calhoun, Polk, Clay, Duval, Jackson, Holmes, Gulf, Lee, Collier, Citrus, Columbia, Dixie, Dade, palm Beach, Madison, Taylor, Santa Rosa, Lafayette, Highlands) Alabama (Monroe, Monroe, Houston, Baldwin, Lee, Covington) Georgia (Mitchell, baker, Thomas, Grady, McIntosh) North Carolina (Carteret, Richmond, Brunswick, nash, Craven) Mississippi (Pearl River, Jackson, Harrison, Lauderdale) Tennessee (Lawrence) Texas (Freestone) Louisiana (Jackson, Oachita) South Carolina (Clarendon, Edgefield) </ref> As well, it has been recorded to be a component of the following communities in Florida: the xeric sandhills in the panhandle, the north Florida longleaf woodlands, the north Florida subxeric sandhills, the clayhill longleaf woodlands, and the panhandle silty longleaf woodlands.<ref name= "Carr">Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.</ref> In these sandhill habitats, ''D. angustifolium'' is only found in the upland areas and not mid-slope or in lowland areas.<ref>Gilliam, F. S., et al. (2006). "Natural disturbances and the physiognomy of pine savannas: A phenomenological model." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 83-96.</ref> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
Revision as of 09:29, 29 April 2019
Common name: needleleaf rosette grass [1], narrow-leaved witchgrass [2]
| Dichanthelium angustifolium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Gary Fleming at the Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Cyperales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Dichanthelium |
| Species: | D. angustifolium |
| Binomial name | |
| Dichanthelium angustifolium Elliot | |
| |
| Natural range of Dichanthelium angustifolium from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Panicum angustifolium Elliott; P. aciculare Desvaux ex Poiret; D. aciculare Desvaux ex Poiret ssp. angustifolium (Elliott) Freckmann & Lelong
Description
D. angustifolium is a perennial graminoid of the Poaceae family native to North America and Puerto Rico. [1] The best way to differentiate D. angustifolium from D. aciculare and D. arenicoloides in the fall is through the leaves being flat blades 2 to 4 mm wide, while the other two have involute leaf blades that are 1 to 2 mm wide. It can also be confused with D. consanguineum which has nodes that are spreading and pilose with blades 10 to 15 times as long as wide, while leaf blades of D. angustifolium are 20 or more times as long as wide in comparison.[2]
Distribution
D. angustifolium is found along the southeastern coast of the United States, from Texas to New York, as well as Puerto Rico. [1]
Ecology
Habitat
D. angustifolium is found in sandy pinelands and fields. [2] Specimens have been collected from wet pine flatwoods, open oak woodland, flatwoods with palmetto, moist soils of drainage areas, bayhead of river, old field, coastal hammock, pine savanna,sand pine scrub, wiregrass savanna, sandy margin of limesink, margin of lake, sandy fields, and slash pine flats. [3] As well, it has been recorded to be a component of the following communities in Florida: the xeric sandhills in the panhandle, the north Florida longleaf woodlands, the north Florida subxeric sandhills, the clayhill longleaf woodlands, and the panhandle silty longleaf woodlands.[4] In these sandhill habitats, D. angustifolium is only found in the upland areas and not mid-slope or in lowland areas.[5]
Phenology
Generally, this species flowers from May until October.[2] D. angustifolium has been observed to flower in April, May, July, September, and October. [6]
Fire ecology
This witchgrass species commonly grows in communities that are fire dependent.[4] It is more frequent in the second year after fire disturbance, and grows more stalks that are seed-bearing in the second winter.[7][8] D. angustifolium is not fully fire resistant though, and has low fire tolerance. [1]
Use by animals
D. angustifolium is moderately palatable for grazing and browsing animals, but not for humans.[1] Henslow's sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) were also observed to prefer this witchgrass for foraging, even though the species has a low energy content.[7]
Conservation and Management
D. angustifolium is listed as endangered by the New Jersey Office of Natural Lands Management Department of Environmental Protection and Energy, and by the Tennessee Natural Heritage Program Department of Environment and Conservation. [1]
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=DIAC
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Cecil R. Slaughter, Loran C. Anderson, Ann Johnson, W.C. Brumbach, R.F> THorne, R.A. Davidson, Steve Orzell, Edwin Bridges, R.K. Godfrey, Lloyd H. Shinners, R.Kral, Tara Baridi, Rex Ellis, Sidney McDaniel, Randy Haynes, A.F. Clewell, A.E. Radford, R.B. Channel, H.R. Reed, John Thieret, H.L. Blomquist, Delzie Demaree, Richard R. Clinebell II, Richard Carter, Keith Bradley, Robert Lazor, Grady Reinert, Frank Gould, Wm. Atwater, H. Kurz, Gwynn Ramsey, R.S. Mitchell, J. Hunter, M. Knott, R. Dale Thomas, W. R. Anderson, Hurt Blum, S.W. Leonard, C.R. Bell, D. J. Banks, F. Maturo, J.B. McFarlin. States and counties: Florida (Volusia, Leon, Putnam, Wakulla, Bay, Lee, Liberty, Madison, Franklin, Escambia, washington, Calhoun, Polk, Clay, Duval, Jackson, Holmes, Gulf, Lee, Collier, Citrus, Columbia, Dixie, Dade, palm Beach, Madison, Taylor, Santa Rosa, Lafayette, Highlands) Alabama (Monroe, Monroe, Houston, Baldwin, Lee, Covington) Georgia (Mitchell, baker, Thomas, Grady, McIntosh) North Carolina (Carteret, Richmond, Brunswick, nash, Craven) Mississippi (Pearl River, Jackson, Harrison, Lauderdale) Tennessee (Lawrence) Texas (Freestone) Louisiana (Jackson, Oachita) South Carolina (Clarendon, Edgefield)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.
- ↑ Gilliam, F. S., et al. (2006). "Natural disturbances and the physiognomy of pine savannas: A phenomenological model." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 83-96.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 21 MAY 2018
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 DiMiceli, J. K., et al. (2007). "Seed preferences of wintering Henslow's sparrows." Condor 109: 595-604.
- ↑ Johnson, E. I. 2006. Effects of fire on habitat associations, abundance, and survival of wintering Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) in southeastern Louisiana longleaf pine savannas. M.Sc. thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.
