Difference between revisions of "Viola lanceolata"
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/--> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/--> | ||
| − | In the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States, flowering occurs from February through May.<ref name="Weakley 2015"/> On the Florida panhandle, flowering has been observed from November through May, peaking in March and April.<ref name="PanFlora">Nelson G (05 February 2018) PanFlora. Retrieved from gilnelson.com/PanFlora/</ref> Its characteristic chasmogamous flowers are produced from June to September and die with the first frost in Massachusetts.<ref name="Solbrig et al 1988"/> | + | In the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States, flowering occurs from February through May.<ref name="Weakley 2015"/> On the Florida panhandle, flowering has been observed from November through May, peaking in March and April.<ref name="PanFlora">Nelson G (05 February 2018) PanFlora. Retrieved from gilnelson.com/PanFlora/</ref> Its characteristic chasmogamous flowers are produced from June to September and die with the first frost in Massachusetts. This species will overwinter as stolons or short underground stems until a new growth period is triggered by warming temperatures.<ref name="Solbrig et al 1988"/> |
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Revision as of 09:16, 6 February 2018
| Viola lanceolata | |
|---|---|
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| Photo by John Hilty hosted at IllinoisWildflowers.info | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Violales |
| Family: | Violaceae |
| Genus: | Viola |
| Species: | V. lanceolata |
| Binomial name | |
| Viola lanceolata L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Viola lanceolata from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common Names: lanceleaf violet; narrow-leaved violet; strap-leaved violet;[1] bog white violet[2]
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Varieties: V. lanceolata var. lanceolata; V. lanceolata var. vittata[1]
Subspecies: V. lanceolata ssp. lanceolata; V. lanceolata ssp. vittata; V. lanceolata ssp. occidentalis[2]
Description
Viola lanceolata is a dioecious perennial forb/herb.[2] It is stemless and produces white flowers. Leaves are narrow, lanceolate, glabrous and held erect. V. lanceolata also produces long slender stolons, allowing established plants to vegetatively spread.[3]
Distribution
This species occurs from New Brunswick, westward to Minnesota, and southward to Florida and eastern Texas.[1] There have also been reports along the Pacific coast in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
V. lanceolata is found in boggs, seepage slopes, pitcher plant seepage bogs, streamheads and their margins, small swamp forests, depression ponds, interdune swales and ponds, and other wet habitats.[1] In New England areas, this species also occurs in clearings and open fields.[3]
Phenology
In the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States, flowering occurs from February through May.[1] On the Florida panhandle, flowering has been observed from November through May, peaking in March and April.[4] Its characteristic chasmogamous flowers are produced from June to September and die with the first frost in Massachusetts. This species will overwinter as stolons or short underground stems until a new growth period is triggered by warming temperatures.[3]
Seed bank and germination
At an Ontario lake, the frequency of V. lanceolata was 97 at 0.2-0.8 m below the maximum water level and 100 and 13 at 0.8-1.3 m and 1.3-1.5 m, respectively. The mean number of collected seeds that germinated from this lake was 17.4 seeds dm-2.[5]
Pollination
It produces chasmogamous flowers,[3] that when open, allow easy access to pollen by biotic and abiotic pollinators.
Conservation and Management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley AS (2015) Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 USDA NRCS (2016) The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 05 February 2018). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Solbrig OT, Curtis WF, Kincaid DT, Newell SJ (1988) Studies on the population biology of the genus Viola. VI. The demography of V. Fimbriatula and V. Lanceolata. Journal of Ecology 76(2):301-319.
- ↑ Nelson G (05 February 2018) PanFlora. Retrieved from gilnelson.com/PanFlora/
- ↑ Keddy PA, Reznicek AA (1982) The role of seed banks in the persistence of Ontario's coastal plain flora. American Journal of Botany 69(1):13-22.
