Difference between revisions of "Lithospermum caroliniense"
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | "Annual or perennial, pubescent or hispid herbs. Leaves usually alternate. Cymes leafy-bracteate, some flowers heterostylic; fruiting pedicels mostly erect or ascending. Calyx cleft into narrow lobes; corolla yellow, yellow-orange, or white (to blue), tubular to funnelform or salverform, throat pubescent, crested or open, lobes spreading and imbricate; anthers included; gynobase flat or depressed. Mericaps 4 or fewer, smooth or wrinkled, with a broad basal attachment scar, the scar often surrounded by a sharp rim." | + | "Annual or perennial, pubescent or hispid herbs. Leaves usually alternate. Cymes leafy-bracteate, some flowers heterostylic; fruiting pedicels mostly erect or ascending. Calyx cleft into narrow lobes; corolla yellow, yellow-orange, or white (to blue), tubular to funnelform or salverform, throat pubescent, crested or open, lobes spreading and imbricate; anthers included; gynobase flat or depressed. Mericaps 4 or fewer, smooth or wrinkled, with a broad basal attachment scar, the scar often surrounded by a sharp rim." <ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 882. Print.</ref> |
| − | "Plant 3-10 dm tall, arising from a strong-staining taproot; stems simple or branched, very leafy, hirsute. Cymes dense, leafy-bracteate, elongate at maturity and loosely flowered; flowers heterostylic, all subtended by a bract. Calyx 6-8 mm long at anthesis, 8-10 mm long at maturity; corolla orange-yellow, funnelform, 13-25 mm long; anthers in short-styled flowers at the top of corolla tube and just below the appendages at the throat, style extending only to the middle of tube; anther in long-styled flowers near the middle of the corolla tube, the long style reaching to and beyond the top of the tube, the appendages weakly developed at the throat; corolla nectary 1-0lobed, villous at the base of tube; stigma terminal , minutely villosulous, bilobed. Mericaps white, smooth, often pitted, 3-3.5 mm long." | + | "Plant 3-10 dm tall, arising from a strong-staining taproot; stems simple or branched, very leafy, hirsute. Cymes dense, leafy-bracteate, elongate at maturity and loosely flowered; flowers heterostylic, all subtended by a bract. Calyx 6-8 mm long at anthesis, 8-10 mm long at maturity; corolla orange-yellow, funnelform, 13-25 mm long; anthers in short-styled flowers at the top of corolla tube and just below the appendages at the throat, style extending only to the middle of tube; anther in long-styled flowers near the middle of the corolla tube, the long style reaching to and beyond the top of the tube, the appendages weakly developed at the throat; corolla nectary 1-0lobed, villous at the base of tube; stigma terminal , minutely villosulous, bilobed. Mericaps white, smooth, often pitted, 3-3.5 mm long." <ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''L. caroliniense'' has been found in pinewoods and sand dunes. In human disturbed areas it has occurred in cut over secondary sandhill forest and along highways | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, ''L. caroliniense'' has been found in pinewoods and sand dunes. In human disturbed areas it has occurred in cut over secondary sandhill forest and along highways. <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Bill Anderson, Loran C. Anderson, Pam Anderson, R. Komarek, T. MacClendon, K. MacClendon, Sidney McDaniel, R. A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Jackson, Liberty Georgia: Decatur, Dougherty. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> Associated species include ''Berlandiera pumila, Chrysopsis, Licania michauxii, Cnidoscolus stimulosus, Phlox pilosa, Rubus cuneifolius'', and ''Solidago door''. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Soils include sand and loamy sand. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | Flowers have been observed in March and April | + | Flowers have been observed in March and April. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by gravity. <ref name="KK"> Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015. </ref> | According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by gravity. <ref name="KK"> Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015. </ref> | ||
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==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
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Revision as of 10:27, 2 August 2016
| Lithospermum caroliniense | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Genus: | Lithospermum |
| Species: | L. caroliniense |
| Binomial name | |
| Lithospermum caroliniense Lam. | |
| |
| Natural range of Lithospermum caroliniense from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Carolina puccoon
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Lithospermum caroliniense var. caroliniense; Batschia caroliniensis Walter ex J.F. Gmelin; L. carolinense ssp. carolinense
Description
"Annual or perennial, pubescent or hispid herbs. Leaves usually alternate. Cymes leafy-bracteate, some flowers heterostylic; fruiting pedicels mostly erect or ascending. Calyx cleft into narrow lobes; corolla yellow, yellow-orange, or white (to blue), tubular to funnelform or salverform, throat pubescent, crested or open, lobes spreading and imbricate; anthers included; gynobase flat or depressed. Mericaps 4 or fewer, smooth or wrinkled, with a broad basal attachment scar, the scar often surrounded by a sharp rim." [1]
"Plant 3-10 dm tall, arising from a strong-staining taproot; stems simple or branched, very leafy, hirsute. Cymes dense, leafy-bracteate, elongate at maturity and loosely flowered; flowers heterostylic, all subtended by a bract. Calyx 6-8 mm long at anthesis, 8-10 mm long at maturity; corolla orange-yellow, funnelform, 13-25 mm long; anthers in short-styled flowers at the top of corolla tube and just below the appendages at the throat, style extending only to the middle of tube; anther in long-styled flowers near the middle of the corolla tube, the long style reaching to and beyond the top of the tube, the appendages weakly developed at the throat; corolla nectary 1-0lobed, villous at the base of tube; stigma terminal , minutely villosulous, bilobed. Mericaps white, smooth, often pitted, 3-3.5 mm long." [1]
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida and Georgia, L. caroliniense has been found in pinewoods and sand dunes. In human disturbed areas it has occurred in cut over secondary sandhill forest and along highways. [2] Associated species include Berlandiera pumila, Chrysopsis, Licania michauxii, Cnidoscolus stimulosus, Phlox pilosa, Rubus cuneifolius, and Solidago door. [2] Soils include sand and loamy sand. [2]
Phenology
Flowers have been observed in March and April. [2]
Seed dispersal
According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by gravity. [3]
Conservation and management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 882. Print.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Bill Anderson, Loran C. Anderson, Pam Anderson, R. Komarek, T. MacClendon, K. MacClendon, Sidney McDaniel, R. A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Jackson, Liberty Georgia: Decatur, Dougherty. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015.
