Difference between revisions of "Crotalaria purshii"
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It is a legume.<ref name="Graham 1941"/> | It is a legume.<ref name="Graham 1941"/> | ||
===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | It can live in temperatures ranging from 10 to 28 degrees Celsius with an average of 115 cm of rain annually.<ref name="Miller et al 1999">Miller, J. H. and K. V. Miller (1999). Forest plants of the southeast, and their wildlife uses Champaign, IL, Southern Weed Science Society.</ref> It appears in a range of light conditions, from semi-shade to full sun, and a variety of mostly sandy soil types, including drying loamy sand, moist sand, clayey soil, peat, and loose sand | + | It can live in temperatures ranging from 10 to 28 degrees Celsius with an average of 115 cm of rain annually.<ref name="Miller et al 1999">Miller, J. H. and K. V. Miller (1999). Forest plants of the southeast, and their wildlife uses Champaign, IL, Southern Weed Science Society.</ref> It appears in a range of light conditions, from semi-shade to full sun, and a variety of mostly sandy soil types, including drying loamy sand, moist sand, clayey soil, peat, and loose sand<ref name=fsu>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Harry E. Ahles, Loran C. Anderson, Grafton Anding, Wilson Baker, M.L. Bomhard, R. S. Campbell, Andre F. Clewell, Richard R. Clinebell II, D. S. Correll, Delzie Demaree, Robert K. Godfrey, J. Haesloop, A. Johnson, Lisa Keppner, Ed Keppner, R. Komarek, R. Kral Paul C Lemon, M. Jenkins, Sidney McDaniel, Thomas E. Miller, John B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, C.K. Pearse, A. B. Pittman, H. R. Reed, Annie Schmidt, Kenneth Lee Tyson, and Jean Wooten. States and Counties: Alabama: Baldwin, Conecuh, Geneva, and Washington. Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Berrien, Coffee, Grady, Seminole, Thomas, and Tift. Louisiana: Washington. Mississippi: George, Jackson, and Pearl River. North Carolina: Sampson. South Carolina: Dorchester and Lee.</ref>. |
| − | Specific habitat includes grassy pineland communities<ref name="Graham 1941"/> such as loblolly pine communities,<ref name="Miller et al 1999"/> pine-scrub oak-palmetto woodlands, coastal dunes, and hillside bogs | + | Specific habitat includes grassy pineland communities<ref name="Graham 1941"/> such as loblolly pine communities,<ref name="Miller et al 1999"/> pine-scrub oak-palmetto woodlands, coastal dunes, and hillside bogs<ref name=fsu/>. It also can be found in disturbed areas, including roadsides and clobbered flatwoods<ref name=fsu/>. |
| − | Associated species include ''Baptisia simplicifolia, Liatris, Vernonia, Pityopsis, Eupatorium mohrii, E. rotundifolium, Pinus palustris, Quercus marilandica, Andropogon, Panicum, Vaccinium, Aristida stricta, Sabal minor, Ilex glabra'', and others | + | Associated species include ''Baptisia simplicifolia, Liatris, Vernonia, Pityopsis, Eupatorium mohrii, E. rotundifolium, Pinus palustris, Quercus marilandica, Andropogon, Panicum, Vaccinium, Aristida stricta, Sabal minor, Ilex glabra'', and others<ref name=fsu/>. |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
Revision as of 10:09, 15 April 2016
| Crotalaria purshii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae |
| Genus: | Crotalaria |
| Species: | C. purshii |
| Binomial name | |
| Crotalaria purshii DC. | |
| |
| Natural range of Crotalaria purshii from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Pursh's rattlebox
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Crotalaria purshii var. purshii; C. purshii var. bracteolifera Fernald
Description
The Crotalaria genus, in general, are annual or perennial herbs or shrubs. The leaves can be simple or palmately 3-7 foliolate where the stipules are either lacking or are varying from minute to large and conspicuous and the leaflets are estipellate. The flowers are papilionaceous and are usually in terminal racemes but can but solitary. The bracts are subtending the pedicels are small to foliaceous, caduceus to persistent; the bracts are paired, minute to large borne on the pedicel or on the base of the calyx. The calyx is campanulate. The petals are yellow or yellow with purple streaks, they're rarely purple or blue; standard usually exceeding the wing and keel petal. There are 10 stamens, they are monadelphous, filaments of two lengths, the longer with small, subglobose anthers and the shorter with larger, linear anthers. The legume is inflated, few-many seeded, globose to more typically oblong-cylindric, sessile or rarely stalked (Radford 1964).
Specifically, for Crotalaria purshii, the plant is a perennial herb, growing up to 2-5 dm tall. It is densely appressed pubescent. The leaves are simple, the median and upper leaves are mostly linear to lanceolate, growing 3-6 (8) cm long, and 4-10 mm wide, the lower leaves are oblong to spatulate, growing 2-3 cm long, and 6-15 mm wide. The stipules of the the median and upper leaves are inversely sagittate decurrent 1/2 the length of the internode or more. The peduncle grows to 3-12 cm long, and is 3-6 flowered. The calyx is closely subtended by 2 linear, appressed bractlets, growing 4-6 mm long. The petals are yellow in color, and are equal or longer than the calyx. The legume is glabrous, oblong-cylindric, growing 2.5-4 cm long, and ca. 1 cm in diameter (Radford 1964).
Distribution
Ecology
It is a legume.[1]
Habitat
It can live in temperatures ranging from 10 to 28 degrees Celsius with an average of 115 cm of rain annually.[2] It appears in a range of light conditions, from semi-shade to full sun, and a variety of mostly sandy soil types, including drying loamy sand, moist sand, clayey soil, peat, and loose sand[3].
Specific habitat includes grassy pineland communities[1] such as loblolly pine communities,[2] pine-scrub oak-palmetto woodlands, coastal dunes, and hillside bogs[3]. It also can be found in disturbed areas, including roadsides and clobbered flatwoods[3].
Associated species include Baptisia simplicifolia, Liatris, Vernonia, Pityopsis, Eupatorium mohrii, E. rotundifolium, Pinus palustris, Quercus marilandica, Andropogon, Panicum, Vaccinium, Aristida stricta, Sabal minor, Ilex glabra, and others[3].
Phenology
Crotalaria purshii was observed flowering in sandhill and flatwood forests.[4]
Flowering has been observed in April through October, and fruiting has been observed in May through October (FSU Herbarium).
Seed dispersal
According to Kay Kirkman, a plant ecologist, this species disperses by explosion mechanisms or by ants. [5]
Fire ecology
This species is fire tolerant and occurs in burned areas (FSU Herbarium).
Use by animals
It is consumed by bobwhite quail.[1]
Conservation and Management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Harry E. Ahles, Loran C. Anderson, Grafton Anding, Wilson Baker, M.L. Bomhard, R. S. Campbell, Andre F. Clewell, Richard R. Clinebell II, D. S. Correll, Delzie Demaree, Robert K. Godfrey, J. Haesloop, A. Johnson, Lisa Keppner, Ed Keppner, R. Komarek, R. Kral Paul C Lemon, M. Jenkins, Sidney McDaniel, Thomas E. Miller, John B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, C.K. Pearse, A. B. Pittman, H. R. Reed, Annie Schmidt, Kenneth Lee Tyson, and Jean Wooten. States and Counties: Alabama: Baldwin, Conecuh, Geneva, and Washington. Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Berrien, Coffee, Grady, Seminole, Thomas, and Tift. Louisiana: Washington. Mississippi: George, Jackson, and Pearl River. North Carolina: Sampson. South Carolina: Dorchester and Lee.
Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 584-5. Print.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Graham, E. H. (1941). Legumes for erosion control and wildlife. Washington, USDA
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Miller, J. H. and K. V. Miller (1999). Forest plants of the southeast, and their wildlife uses Champaign, IL, Southern Weed Science Society.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Harry E. Ahles, Loran C. Anderson, Grafton Anding, Wilson Baker, M.L. Bomhard, R. S. Campbell, Andre F. Clewell, Richard R. Clinebell II, D. S. Correll, Delzie Demaree, Robert K. Godfrey, J. Haesloop, A. Johnson, Lisa Keppner, Ed Keppner, R. Komarek, R. Kral Paul C Lemon, M. Jenkins, Sidney McDaniel, Thomas E. Miller, John B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, C.K. Pearse, A. B. Pittman, H. R. Reed, Annie Schmidt, Kenneth Lee Tyson, and Jean Wooten. States and Counties: Alabama: Baldwin, Conecuh, Geneva, and Washington. Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Santa Rosa, Sarasota, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Berrien, Coffee, Grady, Seminole, Thomas, and Tift. Louisiana: Washington. Mississippi: George, Jackson, and Pearl River. North Carolina: Sampson. South Carolina: Dorchester and Lee.
- ↑ Platt, W. J., Gregory W. Evans, and Mary M. Davis (1988). "Effects of Fires Season on Flowering of Forbs and Shurbs in Longleaf Pine Forests." Oecologia 76(3): 353-363.
- ↑ Kay Kirkman, unpublished data, 2015.
