Difference between revisions of "Polygonum polygamum"
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<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| − | | name = | + | | name = Polygonum polygamum |
| image = Poly_poly.jpg | | image = Poly_poly.jpg | ||
| image_caption = Photo by Karan A. Rawlins, University of Georgia, [http://www.forestryimages.org/index.cfm Bugwood.org] | | image_caption = Photo by Karan A. Rawlins, University of Georgia, [http://www.forestryimages.org/index.cfm Bugwood.org] | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| familia = Polygonaceae | | familia = Polygonaceae | ||
| genus = ''Polygonella '' | | genus = ''Polygonella '' | ||
| − | | species = '''''P. | + | | species = '''''P. polygamum''''' |
| − | | binomial = '' | + | | binomial = ''Polygonum polygamum'' |
| binomial_authority = (Vent.) Engelm. & A. Gray | | binomial_authority = (Vent.) Engelm. & A. Gray | ||
| range_map = poly_poly_dist.jpg | | range_map = poly_poly_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of '' | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Polygonum polygamum'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=POPO2 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | A description of '' | + | A description of ''Polygonum polygamum'' is provided in [http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250060717 The Flora of North America]. |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''P. | + | ''P. polygamum'' is distributed throughout the Coastal Plain, from southeast Virginia to south-central Florida, west to Texas<ref name="eol">[[http://eol.org/pages/585573/details]] Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: February 22, 2016</ref>. |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''P. | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''P. polygamum'' can occur in seasonally wet depressions with ''Hypericum tenuifolium'' and ''Paronychia chartacea''; and in xeric oak/saw palmetto scrubs. In disturbed areas it can be found in roadside ditches, clear-cut slash pine forests,wooded beach dunes; and dry sandy spoil material that has been pumped from the river during dredging operations<ref name="FSU">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran Anderson, Wilson Baker, Angus Ghloson Jr., Robert K. Godfrey, Ann Johnson, Robert L. Lazor, Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Franklin, Holmes, Osceola. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref><ref name="Looney and Gibson 1995">Looney, P. B. and D. J. Gibson (1995). "The Relationship between the Soil Seed Bank and Above-Ground Vegetation of a Coastal Barrier Island." Journal of Vegetation Science 6(6): 825-836</ref>. Associated species include ''Liatris laevigata, Hypericum tenuifolim, Paronychia chartacea'' and ''Palafoxia integrifolia''. Soil types include white sand and loamy sand<ref name="FSU"/>. |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
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<!--===Fire ecology===--><!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--><!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of '' | + | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Polygonum polygamum'' at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015): |
Colletidae: ''Colletes mandibularis'' | Colletidae: ''Colletes mandibularis'' | ||
Revision as of 11:04, 24 February 2016
| Polygonum polygamum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Karan A. Rawlins, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | Polygonella |
| Species: | P. polygamum |
| Binomial name | |
| Polygonum polygamum (Vent.) Engelm. & A. Gray | |
| |
| Natural range of Polygonum polygamum from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: October flower
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonym: Polygonella polygama
There are three geographically distinct varieties: var. brachystachya is only found in southern and south-central Florida and appears to be the most unique of the three varieties; var. cromii occurs primarily in North and South Carolina; var. polygama is widely distributed and appears to be sympatric with var. croomii[1].
Description
A description of Polygonum polygamum is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
P. polygamum is distributed throughout the Coastal Plain, from southeast Virginia to south-central Florida, west to Texas[2].
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, P. polygamum can occur in seasonally wet depressions with Hypericum tenuifolium and Paronychia chartacea; and in xeric oak/saw palmetto scrubs. In disturbed areas it can be found in roadside ditches, clear-cut slash pine forests,wooded beach dunes; and dry sandy spoil material that has been pumped from the river during dredging operations[3][4]. Associated species include Liatris laevigata, Hypericum tenuifolim, Paronychia chartacea and Palafoxia integrifolia. Soil types include white sand and loamy sand[3].
Phenology
Flowers in September and October[3] seed mature in winter[5].
Seed bank and germination
Physical dormancy does not typically occur, however, some seeds possess a non-deep physiological dormancy[6].
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Polygonum polygamum at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):
Colletidae: Colletes mandibularis
Halictidae: Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis anonyma, A. metallica, Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum nymphalis, L. placidensis, Sphecodes heraclei
Leucospididae: Leucospis slossonae
Pompilidae: Anoplius marginalis, Episyron conterminus posterus
Sphecidae: Gorytes deceptor, Oxybelus decorosum, Tachytes distinctus, T. validus
Vespidae: Eumenes smithii, Leptochilus republicanus, Pachodynerus erynnis
Photo Gallery
Flowers of Polygonella polygama Photo by Karan A. Rawlins, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
References and notes
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Nesom, G. L. and V. M. Bates (1984). "Reevaluations of Infraspecific Taxonomy in Polygonella (Polygonaceae)." Brittonia 36(1): 37-44
- ↑ [[1]] Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: February 22, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran Anderson, Wilson Baker, Angus Ghloson Jr., Robert K. Godfrey, Ann Johnson, Robert L. Lazor, Cecil R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Franklin, Holmes, Osceola. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Looney, P. B. and D. J. Gibson (1995). "The Relationship between the Soil Seed Bank and Above-Ground Vegetation of a Coastal Barrier Island." Journal of Vegetation Science 6(6): 825-836
- ↑ [[2]]Accessed: February 22, 2016
- ↑ Heather, A. E., H. E. Perez, et al. (2010). "Non-deep physiological dormancy in seeds of two Polygonella species with horticultural potential." HortScience 45(12): 1854-1858
