Difference between revisions of "Sagittaria graminea"
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''S. graminea'' proliferates in marshes, ponds, freshwater and oligohaline tidal marshes. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from shallow drying ponds, wooded floodplain, basin swamp. swampy flatwoods, and mixed hardwood forest. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: P.L. Redfearn, R.F. Doren, R.K. Godfrey, R.Komarek, Rodie White, Leon Neel, R.A. Norris, Loran Anderson, T. MacClendon, K. MacClendon, M. Darst, A. Stiles, H. Light, L. Peed, Jean Wooten, Preston Adams. States and counties: Florida (Leon, Washington, Jackson, Calhoun, Wakulla, Franklin, Calhoun, Levy)</ref> | + | ''S. graminea'' proliferates in marshes, ponds, freshwater and oligohaline tidal marshes.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from shallow drying ponds, wooded floodplain, basin swamp. swampy flatwoods, and mixed hardwood forest.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: P.L. Redfearn, R.F. Doren, R.K. Godfrey, R.Komarek, Rodie White, Leon Neel, R.A. Norris, Loran Anderson, T. MacClendon, K. MacClendon, M. Darst, A. Stiles, H. Light, L. Peed, Jean Wooten, Preston Adams. States and counties: Florida (Leon, Washington, Jackson, Calhoun, Wakulla, Franklin, Calhoun, Levy)</ref> |
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===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''S. graminea'' has been observed to flower February through July. <ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 29 MAY 2018 </ref> | + | ''S. graminea'' has been observed to flower February through July.<ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 29 MAY 2018 </ref> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
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| − | ==Conservation and | + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| − | ''S. graminea'' is listed as threatened by the Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Natural Heritage Program, as endangered by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, as a special concern species by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, and as a noxious weed by the Washington Administrative Code. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | + | Populations of ''Sagittaria graminea'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> |
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| + | ===Pollination=== | ||
| + | ''S. graminea'' is visited by sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as ''Lasioglossum nelumbonis''.<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> | ||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
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| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| + | ''S. graminea'' is listed as threatened by the Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Natural Heritage Program, as endangered by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, as a special concern species by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, and as a noxious weed by the Washington Administrative Code.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | ||
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| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
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==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 10:49, 15 July 2022
Common name: grassy arrowhead [1]
| Sagittaria graminea | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John Bradford hosted at Bluemelon.com/poaceae | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Alismataceae |
| Genus: | Sagittaria |
| Species: | S. graminea |
| Binomial name | |
| Alismatales Michx. | |
| |
| Natural range of Sagittaria graminea from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: S. graminea Michaux var. graminea; S. graminea ssp. graminea; S. eatonii J.G. Smith; S. cycloptera (J.G. Smith) C. Mohr
Varieties: none
Description
S. graminea is a perennial forb/herb of the Alismataceae family native to North America.[1]
Distribution
S. graminea is found in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
S. graminea proliferates in marshes, ponds, freshwater and oligohaline tidal marshes.[2] Specimens have been collected from shallow drying ponds, wooded floodplain, basin swamp. swampy flatwoods, and mixed hardwood forest.[3]
Phenology
S. graminea has been observed to flower February through July.[4]
Fire ecology
Populations of Sagittaria graminea have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[5]
Pollination
S. graminea is visited by sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as Lasioglossum nelumbonis.[6]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
S. graminea is listed as threatened by the Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Natural Heritage Program, as endangered by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, as a special concern species by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, and as a noxious weed by the Washington Administrative Code.[1]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SAGRW
- ↑ Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: P.L. Redfearn, R.F. Doren, R.K. Godfrey, R.Komarek, Rodie White, Leon Neel, R.A. Norris, Loran Anderson, T. MacClendon, K. MacClendon, M. Darst, A. Stiles, H. Light, L. Peed, Jean Wooten, Preston Adams. States and counties: Florida (Leon, Washington, Jackson, Calhoun, Wakulla, Franklin, Calhoun, Levy)
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 29 MAY 2018
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
