Difference between revisions of "Hypericum punctatum"
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| − | spotted St. John's-wort <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | + | spotted St. John's-wort<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> |
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: ''Hypericum punctatum'' | + | Synonyms: ''Hypericum punctatum'' var. ''punctatum''<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: ''Hypericum punctatum'' Lamarck; ''Hypericum subpetiolatum'' E.P. Bicknell ex Small<ref name=weakley/> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | ''H. punctatum'' is a perennial forb/herb of the Clusiaceae family native to North America. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | + | ''H. punctatum'' is a perennial forb/herb of the Clusiaceae family native to North America.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> |
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''H. punctatum'' is found throughout the eastern United States and up into Eastern Canada, specifically Ontario and Quebec. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | + | ''H. punctatum'' is found throughout the eastern United States and up into Eastern Canada, specifically Ontario and Quebec.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
| − | ===Habitat=== | + | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> |
| − | ''H. punctatum'' has a low tolerance | + | ''H. punctatum'' has a low drought tolerance and high shade tolerance.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> |
| − | It is commonly found in fields and woodland borders.<ref name= | + | It is commonly found in fields and woodland borders.<ref name=weakley/> This species also has a low tolerance for calcium carbonate.<ref name= "lady bird">[[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/search.php?search_field=&newsearch=true]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 28, 2019</ref> Specimens of ''H. punctatum'' have been collected from upland pinelands that are annually burned, and other similar sandhill habitats that are well-drained.<ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2019. Collectors: Wilson Baker, Robert K. Godfrey, Jeffrey M. Kane, Roy Komarek, and R. A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Leon. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> It has also been recorded in outcrop oak-hickory forests.<ref>Bostick, P. E. (1971). "Vascular Plants of Panola Mountian, Georgia " Castanea 46(3): 194-209.</ref> |
| − | |||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | Flowers bloom | + | Flowers bloom between June and September.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref><ref name=weakley/> |
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| − | This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity. <ref> Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> | + | This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.<ref> Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> |
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | ===Fire ecology=== | + | |
| − | ''H. punctatum'' is not a fire resistant forb but | + | ===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| − | < | + | ''H. punctatum'' is not a fire-resistant forb, but rather mildly tolerant.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> A study in the Great Dismal Swamp in southeastern Virginia found this species present in areas that were commonly cut-burned.<ref>McKinley, C. E. and F. P. Day (1979). "Herbaceous production in cut-burned, uncut-burned and control areas of Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP (Cupressaceae) stand in the Great Dismal Swamp." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 106: 20-28.</ref> Another study in dry sandstone barrens found this plant to increase by 75% in size, and increase 250% in occurrences after a fire disturbance.<ref>Taft, J. B. (2003). "Fire effects on community structure, composition, and diversity in a dry sandstone barrens." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 130: 170-192.</ref> |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ===Pollination=== | |
| + | This species is considered by pollination ecologists to be of special value to bumble bees since the flowers attract such large numbers.<ref name= "lady bird"/> More specifically, this species has been observed to host bees such as ''Bombus bimaculatus'' (family Apidae) and sweat bees such as ''Lasioglossum hitchensi'' (family Halictidae).<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> | ||
| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | ||
| + | It has been recorded to be eaten by white-tailed deer.<ref>Atwood, E. L. (1941). "White-tailed deer foods of the United States." The Journal of Wildlife Management 5(3): 314-332.</ref> | ||
<!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| + | It is considered vulnerable in the Canadian province Quebec, critically imperiled in Nebraska, and an exotic species in the Canadian province Newfoundland.<ref>[[http://explorer.natureserve.org]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 28, 2019</ref> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 08:10, 2 June 2023
spotted St. John's-wort[1]
| Hypericum punctatum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Southeastern Flora Plant Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Theales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae |
| Genus: | Hypericum |
| Species: | H. punctatum |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypericum punctatum Lam. | |
| |
| Natural range of Hypericum punctatum from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Hypericum punctatum var. punctatum[2]
Varieties: Hypericum punctatum Lamarck; Hypericum subpetiolatum E.P. Bicknell ex Small[2]
Description
H. punctatum is a perennial forb/herb of the Clusiaceae family native to North America.[1]
Distribution
H. punctatum is found throughout the eastern United States and up into Eastern Canada, specifically Ontario and Quebec.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
H. punctatum has a low drought tolerance and high shade tolerance.[1] It is commonly found in fields and woodland borders.[2] This species also has a low tolerance for calcium carbonate.[3] Specimens of H. punctatum have been collected from upland pinelands that are annually burned, and other similar sandhill habitats that are well-drained.[4] It has also been recorded in outcrop oak-hickory forests.[5]
Phenology
Flowers bloom between June and September.[1][2]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.[6]
Fire ecology
H. punctatum is not a fire-resistant forb, but rather mildly tolerant.[1] A study in the Great Dismal Swamp in southeastern Virginia found this species present in areas that were commonly cut-burned.[7] Another study in dry sandstone barrens found this plant to increase by 75% in size, and increase 250% in occurrences after a fire disturbance.[8]
Pollination
This species is considered by pollination ecologists to be of special value to bumble bees since the flowers attract such large numbers.[3] More specifically, this species has been observed to host bees such as Bombus bimaculatus (family Apidae) and sweat bees such as Lasioglossum hitchensi (family Halictidae).[9]
Herbivory and toxicology
It has been recorded to be eaten by white-tailed deer.[10]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
It is considered vulnerable in the Canadian province Quebec, critically imperiled in Nebraska, and an exotic species in the Canadian province Newfoundland.[11]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 USDA Plant Database
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 28, 2019
- ↑ Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2019. Collectors: Wilson Baker, Robert K. Godfrey, Jeffrey M. Kane, Roy Komarek, and R. A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Leon. Georgia: Thomas.
- ↑ Bostick, P. E. (1971). "Vascular Plants of Panola Mountian, Georgia " Castanea 46(3): 194-209.
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ McKinley, C. E. and F. P. Day (1979). "Herbaceous production in cut-burned, uncut-burned and control areas of Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP (Cupressaceae) stand in the Great Dismal Swamp." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 106: 20-28.
- ↑ Taft, J. B. (2003). "Fire effects on community structure, composition, and diversity in a dry sandstone barrens." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 130: 170-192.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [2]
- ↑ Atwood, E. L. (1941). "White-tailed deer foods of the United States." The Journal of Wildlife Management 5(3): 314-332.
- ↑ [[3]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 28, 2019
