Difference between revisions of "Hieracium gronovii"
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| − | Common name: | + | Common name: queendevil; beaked hawkweed |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | + | Synonyms: none<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| Line 27: | Line 30: | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''Hieracium gronovii'' is distributed from Massachusetts west to Michigan and Kansas south to central peninsular Florida and Texas.<ref name= | + | ''Hieracium gronovii'' is distributed from Massachusetts west to Michigan and Kansas south to central peninsular Florida and Texas.<ref name=weakley/> It is also native to the Canadian province of Ontario.<ref name= "USDA">USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 22 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | Generally, ''H. gronovii'' can be found in dry forests, sandhills, roadsides, and various woodland margins.<ref name= | + | Generally, ''H. gronovii'' can be found in dry forests, sandhills, roadsides, and various woodland margins.<ref name=weakley/> It occurs in moist or dry sandy soils, from dry loamy sand to moist sandy peat, dry sand, and moist sandy loam. This species can occur in a range of native and disturbed habitats. Native habitat includes mixed oak-pine sandhills, pine-scrub oak-palmetto communities, longleaf pine savannas, turkey oak barrens, open mixed hardwood forests, and sandy areas bordering cypress ponds and hillside bogs. However, it can also be found in disturbed areas including roadsides, old fields, open annually mowed pineland, power line corridors, and drainage ditches.<ref name=fsu> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Robert Blaisdell, Chris Cooksey, George R. Cooley, R. A. Davidson, Richard J. Eaton, J. P. Gillespie, Robert K. Godfrey, S. R. Hill, Richard D. Houk, Ed Keppner, Lisa Keppner, Gary R. Knight, R. Komarek, R. Kral, Robert L. Lazor, Sidney McDaniel, Richard S. Mitchell, John Morrill John B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, R. E. Perdue Jr., James D. Ray Jr., Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Cecil R. Slaughter, Bian Tan, R. F. Thorne, and Jean W. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Columbia, Dade, Franklin, Gulf, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Okaloosa, Osceola, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Taylor, and Wakulla. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.</ref> Additionally, ''H. gronovii'' is frequent and abundant in the North Florida Subxeric Sandhills and Clayhill Longleaf Woodlands community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | This species was shown to decrease in frequency in response to the control of woody species.<ref>Harrington, T. B. (2011). "Overstory and understory relationships in longleaf pine plantations 14 years after thinning and woody control." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41: 2301-2314.</ref> ''H. gronovii'' has shown regrowth in reestablished longleaf pine woodlands that were disturbed by agriculture in South Carolina coastal plain communities, making it an indicator species for post-agricultural woodlands.<ref>Brudvig, L.A., E Grman, C.W. Habeck, and J.A. Ledvina. (2013). Strong legacy of agricultural land use on soils and understory plant communities in longleaf pine woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management 310: 944-955.</ref> ''H. gronovii'' was found to be an increaser in its long-term response following cessation of repeated soil disturbance.<ref name=Dixon>Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.</ref> | ||
Associated species include ''Quercus margaretta, Pinus palustris, Aristida stricta, Serenoa repens, Crotalaria spectabilis, Lechea mucronata, Desmodium tortuosum, Rubus cuneifolius, Heterotheca subaxillaris, Andropogon virginicus, Paspalum notatum, Solidago altissima,'' and ''Eupatorium compositifolium.<ref name=fsu/> | Associated species include ''Quercus margaretta, Pinus palustris, Aristida stricta, Serenoa repens, Crotalaria spectabilis, Lechea mucronata, Desmodium tortuosum, Rubus cuneifolius, Heterotheca subaxillaris, Andropogon virginicus, Paspalum notatum, Solidago altissima,'' and ''Eupatorium compositifolium.<ref name=fsu/> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | This species generally flowers from July until November.<ref name= | + | This species generally flowers from July until November.<ref name=weakley/> ''H. gronovii'' has been observed flowering in January, February, and July through November, and fruiting in May. <ref name=fsu/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016</ref> |
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| Line 42: | Line 47: | ||
===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| − | Several short-lived perennial forbs also have a seed bank persistent for at least several years.<ref>Platt, W. J., S. M. Carr, et al. (2006). "Pine savanna overstorey influences on ground-cover biodiversity." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 37-50.</ref> | + | Several short-lived perennial forbs also have a seed bank persistent for at least several years.<ref>Platt, W. J., S. M. Carr, et al. (2006). "Pine savanna overstorey influences on ground-cover biodiversity." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 37-50.</ref> It has been seen to germinate from the seed bank at early successional 1 and 2 year old field sites.<ref>Oosting, H. J. and M. E. Humphreys (1940). "Buried viable seeds in a successional series of old field and forest soils." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 67(4): 253-273.</ref> As well, fire disturbance has been shown to positively affect seed germination over time.<ref name= "parks"/> |
| + | |||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | + | ''Hieracium gronovii'' has been found in habitats maintained by frequent fire<ref name=fsu/> such as the Pebble Hill plantation in north Florida<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> where populations persist through repeated annual burns.<ref>Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, R. E. Masters, K. M. Robertson and S. M. Hermann 2012. Fire-frequency effects on vegetation in north Florida pinelands: Another look at the long-term Stoddard Fire Research Plots at Tall Timbers Research Station. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 197-209.</ref> Overall, it significantly increases in frequency in response to fire disturbance.<ref>Taft, J. B. (2003). "Fire effects on community structure, composition, and diversity in a dry sandstone barrens." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 130: 170-192.</ref> This species has been shown to benefit most from summer burn regiments rather than winter or spring burn regiments.<ref>Kush, J. S., et al. (2000). Understory plant community response to season of burn in natural longleaf pine forests. Proceedings 21st Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. Fire and forest ecology: innovative silviculture & vegetation management, Tallahassee, FL, Tall Timbers Research, Inc.</ref> As well, it is most frequent in low fire return intervals.<ref>Mehlman, D. W. (1992). "Effects of fire on plant community composition of North Florida second growth pineland." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 119(4): 376-383.</ref> Fire disturbance has also been shown to increase the amount of seed germination over a 1 year time span.<ref name= "parks">Parks, G. R. (2007). Longleaf pine sandhill seed banks and seedling emergence in relation to time since fire, University of Florida. Master of Science: 84.</ref> | |
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | ''Hieracium gronovii'' has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host leafcutting bees such as ''Anthidiellum perplexum'' (family Megachilidae), as well as sweat bees from the family Halictidae such as ''Augochloropsis sumptuosa, Halictus poeyi,'' and ''Lasioglossum coreopsis''.<ref name=dey>Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> Other pollinators of ''Hieracium gronovii'' in the Hymenoptera order include ''Dialictus coreopsis, Halictus ligatus, Anthidium maculifrons, Megachile breuis pseudobrevis'', and ''M. georgica, M. mendica, Ceratina dupla, C. mikmaqi, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Agapostemon splendens, Lasioglossum bruneri, L. macoupinense, L. pectorale, L. pilosum'', and ''Heriades variolosus''.<ref>Deyrup, M. J. E., and Beth Norden (2002). "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." Insecta mundi 16(1-3).</ref><ref>Grundel, R., et al. (2011). "A survey of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Indiana Dunes and Northwest Indiana, USA." Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 84(2): 105-138.</ref> | |
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| − | Other pollinators of ''Hieracium gronovii'' in the Hymenoptera order include ''Dialictus coreopsis | ||
| − | === | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== |
| − | + | Additionally, this species has been observed to host aphids from the ''Uroleucon sp.'' (family Aphididae).<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> ''H. gronovii'' is known to be eaten by white-tailed deer.<ref>Atwood, E. L. (1941). "White-tailed deer foods of the United States." The Journal of Wildlife Management 5(3): 314-332.</ref> | |
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | ''Hieracium gronovii'' is listed as possible extirpated by the Maine Department of Conservation, Natural Areas Program. As well, the genus ''Hieracium'' is listed as a class C noxious weed for non-native species by the state of Washington.<ref name= "USDA"/> | + | ''Hieracium gronovii'' is listed as possible extirpated by the Maine Department of Conservation, Natural Areas Program. As well, the genus ''Hieracium'' is listed as a class C noxious weed for non-native species by the state of Washington.<ref name= "USDA"/> It is also imperiled in Kansas and Ontario.<ref>[[http://explorer.natureserve.org]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 22, 2019</ref> |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
| + | Medicinally, leaves of ''H. aculeatus'' can be bruised and then applied to warts to help eradicate them.<ref>Porcher, F. P. (1869). Resources of the southern fields and forests, medical, economical, and agricultural. Richmond, VA, Order of the Surgeon-General.</ref> | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
Latest revision as of 08:26, 2 August 2024
| Hieracium gronovii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo was taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Hieracium |
| Species: | H. gronovii |
| Binomial name | |
| Hieracium gronovii L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Hieracium gronovii from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: queendevil; beaked hawkweed
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none[1]
Varieties: none[1]
Description
A description of Hieracium gronovii is provided in The Flora of North America. Hieracium gronovii is a perennial herbaceous species.
Distribution
Hieracium gronovii is distributed from Massachusetts west to Michigan and Kansas south to central peninsular Florida and Texas.[1] It is also native to the Canadian province of Ontario.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
Generally, H. gronovii can be found in dry forests, sandhills, roadsides, and various woodland margins.[1] It occurs in moist or dry sandy soils, from dry loamy sand to moist sandy peat, dry sand, and moist sandy loam. This species can occur in a range of native and disturbed habitats. Native habitat includes mixed oak-pine sandhills, pine-scrub oak-palmetto communities, longleaf pine savannas, turkey oak barrens, open mixed hardwood forests, and sandy areas bordering cypress ponds and hillside bogs. However, it can also be found in disturbed areas including roadsides, old fields, open annually mowed pineland, power line corridors, and drainage ditches.[3] Additionally, H. gronovii is frequent and abundant in the North Florida Subxeric Sandhills and Clayhill Longleaf Woodlands community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).[4]
This species was shown to decrease in frequency in response to the control of woody species.[5] H. gronovii has shown regrowth in reestablished longleaf pine woodlands that were disturbed by agriculture in South Carolina coastal plain communities, making it an indicator species for post-agricultural woodlands.[6] H. gronovii was found to be an increaser in its long-term response following cessation of repeated soil disturbance.[7]
Associated species include Quercus margaretta, Pinus palustris, Aristida stricta, Serenoa repens, Crotalaria spectabilis, Lechea mucronata, Desmodium tortuosum, Rubus cuneifolius, Heterotheca subaxillaris, Andropogon virginicus, Paspalum notatum, Solidago altissima, and Eupatorium compositifolium.[3]
Phenology
This species generally flowers from July until November.[1] H. gronovii has been observed flowering in January, February, and July through November, and fruiting in May. [3][8]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by wind. [9]
Seed bank and germination
Several short-lived perennial forbs also have a seed bank persistent for at least several years.[10] It has been seen to germinate from the seed bank at early successional 1 and 2 year old field sites.[11] As well, fire disturbance has been shown to positively affect seed germination over time.[12]
Fire ecology
Hieracium gronovii has been found in habitats maintained by frequent fire[3] such as the Pebble Hill plantation in north Florida[13] where populations persist through repeated annual burns.[14] Overall, it significantly increases in frequency in response to fire disturbance.[15] This species has been shown to benefit most from summer burn regiments rather than winter or spring burn regiments.[16] As well, it is most frequent in low fire return intervals.[17] Fire disturbance has also been shown to increase the amount of seed germination over a 1 year time span.[12]
Pollination
Hieracium gronovii has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host leafcutting bees such as Anthidiellum perplexum (family Megachilidae), as well as sweat bees from the family Halictidae such as Augochloropsis sumptuosa, Halictus poeyi, and Lasioglossum coreopsis.[18] Other pollinators of Hieracium gronovii in the Hymenoptera order include Dialictus coreopsis, Halictus ligatus, Anthidium maculifrons, Megachile breuis pseudobrevis, and M. georgica, M. mendica, Ceratina dupla, C. mikmaqi, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Agapostemon splendens, Lasioglossum bruneri, L. macoupinense, L. pectorale, L. pilosum, and Heriades variolosus.[19][20]
Herbivory and toxicology
Additionally, this species has been observed to host aphids from the Uroleucon sp. (family Aphididae).[21] H. gronovii is known to be eaten by white-tailed deer.[22]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Hieracium gronovii is listed as possible extirpated by the Maine Department of Conservation, Natural Areas Program. As well, the genus Hieracium is listed as a class C noxious weed for non-native species by the state of Washington.[2] It is also imperiled in Kansas and Ontario.[23]
Cultural use
Medicinally, leaves of H. aculeatus can be bruised and then applied to warts to help eradicate them.[24]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 22 May 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Wilson Baker, Robert Blaisdell, Chris Cooksey, George R. Cooley, R. A. Davidson, Richard J. Eaton, J. P. Gillespie, Robert K. Godfrey, S. R. Hill, Richard D. Houk, Ed Keppner, Lisa Keppner, Gary R. Knight, R. Komarek, R. Kral, Robert L. Lazor, Sidney McDaniel, Richard S. Mitchell, John Morrill John B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, R. E. Perdue Jr., James D. Ray Jr., Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Cecil R. Slaughter, Bian Tan, R. F. Thorne, and Jean W. Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Columbia, Dade, Franklin, Gulf, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Okaloosa, Osceola, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Taylor, and Wakulla. Georgia: Grady and Thomas.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Harrington, T. B. (2011). "Overstory and understory relationships in longleaf pine plantations 14 years after thinning and woody control." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41: 2301-2314.
- ↑ Brudvig, L.A., E Grman, C.W. Habeck, and J.A. Ledvina. (2013). Strong legacy of agricultural land use on soils and understory plant communities in longleaf pine woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management 310: 944-955.
- ↑ Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ Platt, W. J., S. M. Carr, et al. (2006). "Pine savanna overstorey influences on ground-cover biodiversity." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 37-50.
- ↑ Oosting, H. J. and M. E. Humphreys (1940). "Buried viable seeds in a successional series of old field and forest soils." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 67(4): 253-273.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Parks, G. R. (2007). Longleaf pine sandhill seed banks and seedling emergence in relation to time since fire, University of Florida. Master of Science: 84.
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Glitzenstein, J. S., D. R. Streng, R. E. Masters, K. M. Robertson and S. M. Hermann 2012. Fire-frequency effects on vegetation in north Florida pinelands: Another look at the long-term Stoddard Fire Research Plots at Tall Timbers Research Station. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 197-209.
- ↑ Taft, J. B. (2003). "Fire effects on community structure, composition, and diversity in a dry sandstone barrens." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 130: 170-192.
- ↑ Kush, J. S., et al. (2000). Understory plant community response to season of burn in natural longleaf pine forests. Proceedings 21st Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. Fire and forest ecology: innovative silviculture & vegetation management, Tallahassee, FL, Tall Timbers Research, Inc.
- ↑ Mehlman, D. W. (1992). "Effects of fire on plant community composition of North Florida second growth pineland." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 119(4): 376-383.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Deyrup, M. J. E., and Beth Norden (2002). "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." Insecta mundi 16(1-3).
- ↑ Grundel, R., et al. (2011). "A survey of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Indiana Dunes and Northwest Indiana, USA." Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 84(2): 105-138.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
- ↑ Atwood, E. L. (1941). "White-tailed deer foods of the United States." The Journal of Wildlife Management 5(3): 314-332.
- ↑ [[2]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 22, 2019
- ↑ Porcher, F. P. (1869). Resources of the southern fields and forests, medical, economical, and agricultural. Richmond, VA, Order of the Surgeon-General.
