Difference between revisions of "Osmunda spectabilis"
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| − | Common name: royal fern <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/>, American royal fern <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/> | + | Common name: royal fern<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/>, American royal fern<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/> |
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: ''O. regalis'' Linnaeus var. ''spectabilis'' (Willdenow) A. Gray | + | Synonyms: ''O. regalis'' Linnaeus var. ''spectabilis'' (Willdenow) A. Gray.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | Varieties: none | + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | ''O. spectabilis'' is a perennial forb/herb of the ''Osmundaceae'' family native to North America, Canada, and St. Pierre and Miquelon (France). <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=OSRES# https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=OSRES#] </ref> | + | ''O. spectabilis'' is a perennial forb/herb of the ''Osmundaceae'' family native to North America, Canada, and St. Pierre and Miquelon (France).<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=OSRES# https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=OSRES#] </ref> The leaves are bipinnate, with each pinna fully divided into distinct pinnules. The larger pinnules are 3-7 cm long and 0.7-2.0 cm wide. The leaves are also hemidimorphic, where the sterile pinnules 30-70 mm long and 8-23 mm wide, serrulate, rounded basally, and apically acute. The fertile pinnules are 7-11 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. Spores are borne on modified pinnae in the terminal portion of the leaf blade. The veins are mostly 2-forked.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''O. spectabilis'' | + | ''O. spectabilis'' ranges from Newfoundland to Manitoba, then south to southern Florida and eastern Texas. It also grows from Mexico through Central America and southern South America, as well as the West Indies.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''O. spectabilis'' proliferates in bogs, marshes (including tidal), moist forests, floodplains, swamp forests, and other wetlands. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from moist loamy sand, swamp bank, clearing of floddplain on edge of creek, ditch, swampy woodland, old cypress stump, cypress depression in flatwoods, limestone ridge, cypress gum swamp, pine forest after recent burn, shaded streambank in bottomland hardwood, and edge of mesic woods. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Garrett Crow, Dora Engrid Rivera, Roy Komarek, R.K. Godfrey, Robert Lemaire, Andre Clewell, J.P. Gillespie, Richard Mitchell, L.B. Trott, S. W. Leonard, John Nelson, F.C> James, Gary Knight, Elmar Prichard, K. Craddock Burks, K.M. Meyer, A. Townesmith, R.L. Wilbur, Marilyn Gillespie, Samual Jones, John Thieret, P.L. Redfearn, Donna M. Eggers, Delzie Demaree, A.J. SHarp, Robert Britt, Jean Wooten, Sidney McDaniel, H.A. Wahl, Harry Ahles, R.P. Ashworth, James D. Ray, W.J. Cody, Van L. Rens, Scott McCoy, H.B. Parks, Eunice Mitchell, Elizabeth Vandell. States and counties: Florida (Liberty, Leon, Gadsden, Brevard, Indian River, Walton, Citrus, St. Johns, Jackson, Wakulla, Calhoun, Hernando, Hillsborough, Jefferson, Flagler, Santa Rosa, Franklin, Putnam, Holmes, Gulf) Georgia (Grady, Thomas) South Carolina (Berkeley, Beaufort) Mississippi (Harrison, Newton) Alabama (Limestone, Geneva) North Carolina (Durham, Wayne, Chowan, Scotland) Texas (Van Zandt, Nacogdoches) Indiana (Jennings) Pennsylvania (Lycoming) Missouri (Ste. Genevieve) Louisiana (Allen) </ref> | + | ''O. spectabilis'' proliferates in bogs, marshes (including tidal), moist forests, floodplains, swamp forests, and other wetlands.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from moist loamy sand, swamp bank, clearing of floddplain on edge of creek, ditch, swampy woodland, old cypress stump, cypress depression in flatwoods, limestone ridge, cypress gum swamp, pine forest after recent burn, shaded streambank in bottomland hardwood, and edge of mesic woods.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Garrett Crow, Dora Engrid Rivera, Roy Komarek, R.K. Godfrey, Robert Lemaire, Andre Clewell, J.P. Gillespie, Richard Mitchell, L.B. Trott, S. W. Leonard, John Nelson, F.C> James, Gary Knight, Elmar Prichard, K. Craddock Burks, K.M. Meyer, A. Townesmith, R.L. Wilbur, Marilyn Gillespie, Samual Jones, John Thieret, P.L. Redfearn, Donna M. Eggers, Delzie Demaree, A.J. SHarp, Robert Britt, Jean Wooten, Sidney McDaniel, H.A. Wahl, Harry Ahles, R.P. Ashworth, James D. Ray, W.J. Cody, Van L. Rens, Scott McCoy, H.B. Parks, Eunice Mitchell, Elizabeth Vandell. States and counties: Florida (Liberty, Leon, Gadsden, Brevard, Indian River, Walton, Citrus, St. Johns, Jackson, Wakulla, Calhoun, Hernando, Hillsborough, Jefferson, Flagler, Santa Rosa, Franklin, Putnam, Holmes, Gulf) Georgia (Grady, Thomas) South Carolina (Berkeley, Beaufort) Mississippi (Harrison, Newton) Alabama (Limestone, Geneva) North Carolina (Durham, Wayne, Chowan, Scotland) Texas (Van Zandt, Nacogdoches) Indiana (Jennings) Pennsylvania (Lycoming) Missouri (Ste. Genevieve) Louisiana (Allen) </ref> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ''O. spectabilis'' | + | ''O. spectabilis'' has been observed flowering March through June.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | ''O. spectabilis'' is not fire resistant and has a low fire tolerance | + | ''O. spectabilis'' is not fire resistant and has a low fire tolerance;<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> despite this, populations on the Wade Tract in south Georgia have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> |
<!--===Pollination===--> | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| − | <!--=== | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> |
| − | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | ''O. spectabilis'' is listed as commercially exploited by the Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, as threatened by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources Parks Recreation and Preserves Division, and as exploitably vulnerable by the New York Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Land and Forests. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | + | ''O. spectabilis'' is listed as commercially exploited by the Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, as threatened by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources Parks Recreation and Preserves Division, and as exploitably vulnerable by the New York Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Land and Forests.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:12, 14 July 2022
Common name: royal fern[1], American royal fern[2]
| Osmunda spectabilis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John Hilty at IllinoisWildflowers.info | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Pteridophyta – Ferns |
| Class: | Filicopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Family: | Osmundaceae |
| Genus: | Osmunda |
| Species: | O. spectabilis |
| Binomial name | |
| Osmunda spectabilis L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Osmunda spectabilis from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: O. regalis Linnaeus var. spectabilis (Willdenow) A. Gray.[3]
Varieties: none.[3]
Description
O. spectabilis is a perennial forb/herb of the Osmundaceae family native to North America, Canada, and St. Pierre and Miquelon (France).[1] The leaves are bipinnate, with each pinna fully divided into distinct pinnules. The larger pinnules are 3-7 cm long and 0.7-2.0 cm wide. The leaves are also hemidimorphic, where the sterile pinnules 30-70 mm long and 8-23 mm wide, serrulate, rounded basally, and apically acute. The fertile pinnules are 7-11 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. Spores are borne on modified pinnae in the terminal portion of the leaf blade. The veins are mostly 2-forked.[3]
Distribution
O. spectabilis ranges from Newfoundland to Manitoba, then south to southern Florida and eastern Texas. It also grows from Mexico through Central America and southern South America, as well as the West Indies.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
O. spectabilis proliferates in bogs, marshes (including tidal), moist forests, floodplains, swamp forests, and other wetlands.[2] Specimens have been collected from moist loamy sand, swamp bank, clearing of floddplain on edge of creek, ditch, swampy woodland, old cypress stump, cypress depression in flatwoods, limestone ridge, cypress gum swamp, pine forest after recent burn, shaded streambank in bottomland hardwood, and edge of mesic woods.[4]
Phenology
O. spectabilis has been observed flowering March through June.[3]
Fire ecology
O. spectabilis is not fire resistant and has a low fire tolerance;[1] despite this, populations on the Wade Tract in south Georgia have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[5]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
O. spectabilis is listed as commercially exploited by the Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, as threatened by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources Parks Recreation and Preserves Division, and as exploitably vulnerable by the New York Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Land and Forests.[1]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=OSRES#
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Garrett Crow, Dora Engrid Rivera, Roy Komarek, R.K. Godfrey, Robert Lemaire, Andre Clewell, J.P. Gillespie, Richard Mitchell, L.B. Trott, S. W. Leonard, John Nelson, F.C> James, Gary Knight, Elmar Prichard, K. Craddock Burks, K.M. Meyer, A. Townesmith, R.L. Wilbur, Marilyn Gillespie, Samual Jones, John Thieret, P.L. Redfearn, Donna M. Eggers, Delzie Demaree, A.J. SHarp, Robert Britt, Jean Wooten, Sidney McDaniel, H.A. Wahl, Harry Ahles, R.P. Ashworth, James D. Ray, W.J. Cody, Van L. Rens, Scott McCoy, H.B. Parks, Eunice Mitchell, Elizabeth Vandell. States and counties: Florida (Liberty, Leon, Gadsden, Brevard, Indian River, Walton, Citrus, St. Johns, Jackson, Wakulla, Calhoun, Hernando, Hillsborough, Jefferson, Flagler, Santa Rosa, Franklin, Putnam, Holmes, Gulf) Georgia (Grady, Thomas) South Carolina (Berkeley, Beaufort) Mississippi (Harrison, Newton) Alabama (Limestone, Geneva) North Carolina (Durham, Wayne, Chowan, Scotland) Texas (Van Zandt, Nacogdoches) Indiana (Jennings) Pennsylvania (Lycoming) Missouri (Ste. Genevieve) Louisiana (Allen)
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
