Difference between revisions of "Hypericum punctatum"

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{{italic title}}
 
{{italic title}}
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spotted St. Johnswort <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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spotted St. John's-wort<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
 
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database -->
 
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database -->
 
{{taxobox
 
{{taxobox
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==Taxonomic Notes==
 
==Taxonomic Notes==
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Synonym: ''H. subpetiolatum'' (E.P. Bicknell)
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Synonyms: ''Hypericum punctatum'' var. ''punctatum''<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>
  
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Variety:none
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Varieties: ''Hypericum punctatum'' Lamarck; ''Hypericum subpetiolatum'' E.P. Bicknell ex Small<ref name=weakley/>
  
 
==Description==  
 
==Description==  
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''H. punctatum'' is a perennial forb/herb of the Clusiaceae family native to North America. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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''H. punctatum'' is a perennial forb/herb of the Clusiaceae family native to North America.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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''H. punctatum'' is found throughout the eastern United States and up into Eastern Canada, specifically Ontario and Quebec. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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''H. punctatum'' is found throughout the eastern United States and up into Eastern Canada, specifically Ontario and Quebec.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
  
 
==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
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===Habitat===
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===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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''H. punctatum'' has a low tolerance for drought. It is tolerant of shade. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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''H. punctatum'' has a low drought tolerance and high shade tolerance.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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It is commonly found in fields and woodland borders.<ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref>
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It is commonly found in fields and woodland borders.<ref name=weakley/>  This species also has a low tolerance for calcium carbonate.<ref name= "lady bird">[[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/search.php?search_field=&newsearch=true]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 28, 2019</ref> Specimens of ''H. punctatum'' have been collected from upland pinelands that are annually burned, and other similar sandhill habitats that are well-drained.<ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2019. Collectors: Wilson Baker, Robert K. Godfrey, Jeffrey M. Kane, Roy Komarek, and R. A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Leon. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> It has also been recorded in outcrop oak-hickory forests.<ref>Bostick, P. E. (1971). "Vascular Plants of Panola Mountian, Georgia " Castanea 46(3): 194-209.</ref>
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<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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===Phenology===
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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Flowers bloom in the early summer months. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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Flowers bloom between June and September.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref><ref name=weakley/>
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<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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<!--===Seed dispersal===-->
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===Seed dispersal===
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This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.<ref> Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref>
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
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===Fire ecology===
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''H. punctatum'' is not a fire resistant forb but has a mild tolerance to fire. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>  
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===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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''H. punctatum'' is not a fire-resistant forb, but rather mildly tolerant.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> A study in the Great Dismal Swamp in southeastern Virginia found this species present in areas that were commonly cut-burned.<ref>McKinley, C. E. and F. P. Day (1979). "Herbaceous production in cut-burned, uncut-burned and control areas of Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP (Cupressaceae) stand in the Great Dismal Swamp." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 106: 20-28.</ref> Another study in dry sandstone barrens found this plant to increase by 75% in size, and increase 250% in occurrences after a fire disturbance.<ref>Taft, J. B. (2003). "Fire effects on community structure, composition, and diversity in a dry sandstone barrens." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 130: 170-192.</ref>
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<!--===Pollination===-->  
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<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
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===Pollination===  
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This species is considered by pollination ecologists to be of special value to bumble bees since the flowers attract such large numbers.<ref name= "lady bird"/> More specifically, this species has been observed to host bees such as ''Bombus bimaculatus'' (family Apidae) and sweat bees such as ''Lasioglossum hitchensi'' (family Halictidae).<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref>
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===Herbivory and toxicology===
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It has been recorded to be eaten by white-tailed deer.<ref>Atwood, E. L. (1941). "White-tailed deer foods of the United States." The Journal of Wildlife Management 5(3): 314-332.</ref>
 
<!--==Diseases and parasites==-->
 
<!--==Diseases and parasites==-->
  
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==Conservation and Management==
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
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It is considered vulnerable in the Canadian province Quebec, critically imperiled in Nebraska, and an exotic species in the Canadian province Newfoundland.<ref>[[http://explorer.natureserve.org]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 28, 2019</ref>
  
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==Cultivation and restoration==
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==Cultural use==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
==References and notes==
 
==References and notes==

Latest revision as of 08:10, 2 June 2023

spotted St. John's-wort[1]

Hypericum punctatum
Hypericum punctatum SEF.jpg
Photo by the Southeastern Flora Plant Database
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Order: Theales
Family: Clusiaceae
Genus: Hypericum
Species: H. punctatum
Binomial name
Hypericum punctatum
Lam.
HYPE PUNT DIST.JPG
Natural range of Hypericum punctatum from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Taxonomic Notes

Synonyms: Hypericum punctatum var. punctatum[2]

Varieties: Hypericum punctatum Lamarck; Hypericum subpetiolatum E.P. Bicknell ex Small[2]

Description

H. punctatum is a perennial forb/herb of the Clusiaceae family native to North America.[1]

Distribution

H. punctatum is found throughout the eastern United States and up into Eastern Canada, specifically Ontario and Quebec.[1]

Ecology

Habitat

H. punctatum has a low drought tolerance and high shade tolerance.[1] It is commonly found in fields and woodland borders.[2] This species also has a low tolerance for calcium carbonate.[3] Specimens of H. punctatum have been collected from upland pinelands that are annually burned, and other similar sandhill habitats that are well-drained.[4] It has also been recorded in outcrop oak-hickory forests.[5]

Phenology

Flowers bloom between June and September.[1][2]

Seed dispersal

This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.[6]

Fire ecology

H. punctatum is not a fire-resistant forb, but rather mildly tolerant.[1] A study in the Great Dismal Swamp in southeastern Virginia found this species present in areas that were commonly cut-burned.[7] Another study in dry sandstone barrens found this plant to increase by 75% in size, and increase 250% in occurrences after a fire disturbance.[8]

Pollination

This species is considered by pollination ecologists to be of special value to bumble bees since the flowers attract such large numbers.[3] More specifically, this species has been observed to host bees such as Bombus bimaculatus (family Apidae) and sweat bees such as Lasioglossum hitchensi (family Halictidae).[9]

Herbivory and toxicology

It has been recorded to be eaten by white-tailed deer.[10]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

It is considered vulnerable in the Canadian province Quebec, critically imperiled in Nebraska, and an exotic species in the Canadian province Newfoundland.[11]

Cultural use

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 USDA Plant Database
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 28, 2019
  4. ↑ Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2019. Collectors: Wilson Baker, Robert K. Godfrey, Jeffrey M. Kane, Roy Komarek, and R. A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Leon. Georgia: Thomas.
  5. ↑ Bostick, P. E. (1971). "Vascular Plants of Panola Mountian, Georgia " Castanea 46(3): 194-209.
  6. ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
  7. ↑ McKinley, C. E. and F. P. Day (1979). "Herbaceous production in cut-burned, uncut-burned and control areas of Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP (Cupressaceae) stand in the Great Dismal Swamp." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 106: 20-28.
  8. ↑ Taft, J. B. (2003). "Fire effects on community structure, composition, and diversity in a dry sandstone barrens." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 130: 170-192.
  9. ↑ Discoverlife.org [2]
  10. ↑ Atwood, E. L. (1941). "White-tailed deer foods of the United States." The Journal of Wildlife Management 5(3): 314-332.
  11. ↑ [[3]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 28, 2019
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