Difference between revisions of "Coreopsis lanceolata"
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| − | Common Names: Lanceleaf | + | Common Names: Lanceleaf Tickseed;<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> Sand Coreopsis;<ref name= "goldblum">Goldblum, D., et al. (2013). "The impact of seed mix weight on diversity and species composition in a tallgrass prairie restoration planting, Nachusa grasslands, Illinois, USA." Ecological Restoration 31(2): 154-167.</ref> Longstalk Coreopsis |
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | + | Synonyms: ''C. heterogyna'' Fernald, ''C. crassifolia'' Aiton.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | |
| − | + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | |
| − | ==Description== | + | ==Description== <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> |
| − | ''C. lanceolata'' is a perennial forb/herb of the Asteraceae family native to North America. | + | ''C. lanceolata'' is a perennial forb/herb of the Asteraceae family native to North America.<ref name= "USDA"/> It is a clump-forming plant that has short rhizomes, the leaves can be hairy or smooth, and the basal leaves are divided while the upper leaves are oval-shaped and entire. The flower head inflorescence is borne singularly or in small groups, which are yellow in color. The seeds are winged, dark brown, and almost semi-circular to curved.<ref name= "fact">Whitten, Jamie L. (2006). Plant Fact Sheet: Lance-leaf coreopsis ''Coreopsis lanceolata''. N.R.C.S. United States Department of Agriculture. Coffeeville, MS.</ref> |
| − | < | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''C. lanceolata'' is | + | ''C. lanceolata'' is native throughout the United States apart from Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. It is also native in Ontario and British Columbia, and has been introduced to Hawaii and the Pacific Basin.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> This species is often spread by cultivation, and the original range of the species is obscure.<ref name= "Weakley">Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
| − | ===Habitat=== | + | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> |
| − | The | + | The species can be found in disturbed areas, savannas, meadows, pastures, prairies, plains, and open woodlands.<ref name= "Weakley"/><ref name= "lady bird">[[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/search.php?search_field=&newsearch=true]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: April 16, 2019</ref> ''C. lanceolata'' is listed as a facultative upland and obligate upland species, where it mostly can be found in upland communities but uncommonly in wetlands.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> The ideal habitat for the ''C. lanceolata'' is in dry soil with full sun, but it can tolerate light shade as well.<ref name= "fact"/> Other habitats that ''C. lanceolata'' has been observed in include limestone glades, borders of cypress depressions, naturalization from gardens, and sand dunes. Soils it has been observed to grow on include sandy soil, moist sandy loam, silty-sandy soil, sandy-clayey, and sandy peat.<ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: J. Richard Abbott, Harry E. Ahles, Loran C. Anderson, Raymond Athey, Wilson Baker, J. Beckner, C. R. Bell, K. E. Blum, E. Bourdo, S. G. Boyce, Keith A. Bradley, Edwin L. Bridges, Michael B. Brooks, M. Burch, A. F. Clewell, George R. Cooley, Delzie Demaree, William B. Fox, J. P. Gillespie, R.K. Godfrey, S. R. Harrison, N. C. Henderson, M. Hobbs, W. C. Holmes, Clarke Hudson, D. C. Hunt, Ann F. Johnson, Carleen Jones, Samuel B. Jones, Gary R. Knight, M. Knott, R. Komarek, R. Kral, R L Lazor, Amelia Lundell, C. L. Lundell, Sidney McDaniel, John B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, Steve L. Orzell, Richard D. Porcher, Elmer C. Prichard, A. E. Radford, Paul L. Redfearn, Jr., J. D. Reynolds, E L Stone, Victoria I. Sullivan, John W. Thieret, B. L. Turner, B. H. Warnock, D. R. Windler, and Jean Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Wakulla, and Walton. Georgia: Grady and Thomas. Alabama: Geneva and Lee. Arkansas: Baxter and Sevier. Indiana: Huntington and La Grange. Kentucky: Madison and Trigg. Louisiana: Acadia, Jackson, Natchitoches, Ouachita, Rapides, Union, and Vernon. Maryland: Sussex. Michigan: Emmet and Mackinac. Mississippi: Attala, Carroll, Forrest, Jefferson Davis, Lowndes, Newton, Oktibbeha, Pearl River, Scott, and Stone. Missouri: Greene and Shannon. North Carolina: Buncombe, Granville, and Pender. South Carolina: Chesterfield, Clarendon, Hampton, Jasper, McCormick, Richland, and Saluda. Tennessee: Coffee, Lewis, and Wilson. Texas: Angelina, Harris, Walker, and Waller.</ref> |
| − | < | + | |
| + | Associated species include ''[[Quercus laevis]]'', ''Quercus'' sp., ''[[Pinus palustris]]'', ''[[Pinus taeda]]'', ''[[Oenothera laciniata]]'', ''Trifolium repens'', ''Trifolium dubium'', ''Trifolium incarnatum'', ''Anthoxanthum odoratum'', ''Lolium perenne'', ''Salvia lyrata'', ''Briza minor'', ''Silene antirrhina'', ''[[Ilex glabra]]'', and ''Coreopsis bakeri''.<ref name= "herbarium"/> | ||
| + | |||
===Phenology=== | ===Phenology=== | ||
| − | Flowering of the ''C. lanceolata'' | + | Flowering of the ''C. lanceolata'' has been observed to flower between January and July, with peak inflorescence between March and May, producing the majority of the buds. <ref name= "Pan Flora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 18 MAY 2018</ref> It has been observed to fruit from April through June as well as August.<ref name= "herbarium"/> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
| + | |||
===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
For successful seedlings, a firm seedbed is needed that has been lightly disked. Light plant debris is ideal; more will stifle plant germination. Germination occurs in the fall. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | For successful seedlings, a firm seedbed is needed that has been lightly disked. Light plant debris is ideal; more will stifle plant germination. Germination occurs in the fall. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref> | ||
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| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | == | + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| + | ''C. lanceolata'' has been observed in areas that are frequently burned.<ref name= "herbarium"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Pollination=== | ||
| + | Species of the Hymenoptera order that have been observed to pollinate ''C. lanceolata'' at the Indiana Dunes and Northwest Indiana include ''Bombus impatiens'', ''Nomada fervida'', ''Nomada lepida'', ''Nomada maculata'', ''Ceratina mikmaqi'', ''Ceratina strenua'', ''Augochlora pura'', ''Augochlorella aurata'', ''Augochloropsis metallica'', ''Halictus ligatus'', ''Lasioglossum pectorale'', ''Lasioglossum fuscipenne'', ''Sphecodes pimpinellae'', ''Megachile mendica'', and ''Osmia georgica''.<ref>Grundel, R., et al. (2011). "A survey of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Indiana Dunes and Northwest Indiana, USA." Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 84(2): 105-138.</ref> The karner blue butterfly (''Lycaeides melissa samuelis'') is also known to pollinate this plant.<ref>Grundel, R., et al. (2000). "Nectar plant selection by the Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore." The American Midland Naturalist 144(1): 1-10.</ref> Additionally, this species is visited by ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family (''Andrena hippotes''), bees from the Apidea family such as ''Bombus fervidus, Bombus melanopygus, Ceratina calcarata, Diadasia bituberculata'' and ''Diadasia enavata''), plasterer bees from the Colletidae family (''Hylaeus mesillae''), sweat bees from the Halictidae family (''Agapostemon virescens'' and ''Halictus ligatus''), leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family (''Ashmeadiella sp., Megachile sp.'' and ''Osmia sp.'') and hoverflies from the Syrphidae family (''Eristalis transversa'').<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> This species is of special value to native bees and supports conservation biological control through attracting predatory or parasitoid insects that in turn prey on pest insects.<ref name= "lady bird"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| + | This species can withstand regular mowing in the summer and fall, but if it is allowed to regrow after initial mowing, ''C. lanceolata'' will usually flower inconsistently during the summer. With this, fall mowing is recommended.<ref name= "fact"/> | ||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | Historically, plants in the ''Coreopsis'' genus were utilized by Native Americans to make a natural red dye.<ref>Rafinesque, C. S. (1828). Medical flora; or Manual of the medical botany of the United States of North America.</ref> | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 08:14, 22 June 2022
Common Names: Lanceleaf Tickseed;[1] Sand Coreopsis;[2] Longstalk Coreopsis
| Coreopsis lanceolata | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by the Atlas of Florida Plants Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Coreopsis |
| Species: | C. lanceolata |
| Binomial name | |
| Coreopsis lanceolata L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Coreopsis lanceolata from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: C. heterogyna Fernald, C. crassifolia Aiton.[3]
Varieties: none.[3]
Description
C. lanceolata is a perennial forb/herb of the Asteraceae family native to North America.[1] It is a clump-forming plant that has short rhizomes, the leaves can be hairy or smooth, and the basal leaves are divided while the upper leaves are oval-shaped and entire. The flower head inflorescence is borne singularly or in small groups, which are yellow in color. The seeds are winged, dark brown, and almost semi-circular to curved.[4]
Distribution
C. lanceolata is native throughout the United States apart from Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. It is also native in Ontario and British Columbia, and has been introduced to Hawaii and the Pacific Basin.[1] This species is often spread by cultivation, and the original range of the species is obscure.[5]
Ecology
Habitat
The species can be found in disturbed areas, savannas, meadows, pastures, prairies, plains, and open woodlands.[5][6] C. lanceolata is listed as a facultative upland and obligate upland species, where it mostly can be found in upland communities but uncommonly in wetlands.[1] The ideal habitat for the C. lanceolata is in dry soil with full sun, but it can tolerate light shade as well.[4] Other habitats that C. lanceolata has been observed in include limestone glades, borders of cypress depressions, naturalization from gardens, and sand dunes. Soils it has been observed to grow on include sandy soil, moist sandy loam, silty-sandy soil, sandy-clayey, and sandy peat.[7]
Associated species include Quercus laevis, Quercus sp., Pinus palustris, Pinus taeda, Oenothera laciniata, Trifolium repens, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium incarnatum, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Lolium perenne, Salvia lyrata, Briza minor, Silene antirrhina, Ilex glabra, and Coreopsis bakeri.[7]
Phenology
Flowering of the C. lanceolata has been observed to flower between January and July, with peak inflorescence between March and May, producing the majority of the buds. [8] It has been observed to fruit from April through June as well as August.[7]
Seed bank and germination
For successful seedlings, a firm seedbed is needed that has been lightly disked. Light plant debris is ideal; more will stifle plant germination. Germination occurs in the fall. [1]
Fire ecology
C. lanceolata has been observed in areas that are frequently burned.[7]
Pollination
Species of the Hymenoptera order that have been observed to pollinate C. lanceolata at the Indiana Dunes and Northwest Indiana include Bombus impatiens, Nomada fervida, Nomada lepida, Nomada maculata, Ceratina mikmaqi, Ceratina strenua, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica, Halictus ligatus, Lasioglossum pectorale, Lasioglossum fuscipenne, Sphecodes pimpinellae, Megachile mendica, and Osmia georgica.[9] The karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) is also known to pollinate this plant.[10] Additionally, this species is visited by ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family (Andrena hippotes), bees from the Apidea family such as Bombus fervidus, Bombus melanopygus, Ceratina calcarata, Diadasia bituberculata and Diadasia enavata), plasterer bees from the Colletidae family (Hylaeus mesillae), sweat bees from the Halictidae family (Agapostemon virescens and Halictus ligatus), leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family (Ashmeadiella sp., Megachile sp. and Osmia sp.) and hoverflies from the Syrphidae family (Eristalis transversa).[11] This species is of special value to native bees and supports conservation biological control through attracting predatory or parasitoid insects that in turn prey on pest insects.[6]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
This species can withstand regular mowing in the summer and fall, but if it is allowed to regrow after initial mowing, C. lanceolata will usually flower inconsistently during the summer. With this, fall mowing is recommended.[4]
Cultural use
Historically, plants in the Coreopsis genus were utilized by Native Americans to make a natural red dye.[12]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 USDA Plant Database
- ↑ Goldblum, D., et al. (2013). "The impact of seed mix weight on diversity and species composition in a tallgrass prairie restoration planting, Nachusa grasslands, Illinois, USA." Ecological Restoration 31(2): 154-167.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Whitten, Jamie L. (2006). Plant Fact Sheet: Lance-leaf coreopsis Coreopsis lanceolata. N.R.C.S. United States Department of Agriculture. Coffeeville, MS.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: April 16, 2019
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: March 2019. Collectors: J. Richard Abbott, Harry E. Ahles, Loran C. Anderson, Raymond Athey, Wilson Baker, J. Beckner, C. R. Bell, K. E. Blum, E. Bourdo, S. G. Boyce, Keith A. Bradley, Edwin L. Bridges, Michael B. Brooks, M. Burch, A. F. Clewell, George R. Cooley, Delzie Demaree, William B. Fox, J. P. Gillespie, R.K. Godfrey, S. R. Harrison, N. C. Henderson, M. Hobbs, W. C. Holmes, Clarke Hudson, D. C. Hunt, Ann F. Johnson, Carleen Jones, Samuel B. Jones, Gary R. Knight, M. Knott, R. Komarek, R. Kral, R L Lazor, Amelia Lundell, C. L. Lundell, Sidney McDaniel, John B. Nelson, R. A. Norris, Steve L. Orzell, Richard D. Porcher, Elmer C. Prichard, A. E. Radford, Paul L. Redfearn, Jr., J. D. Reynolds, E L Stone, Victoria I. Sullivan, John W. Thieret, B. L. Turner, B. H. Warnock, D. R. Windler, and Jean Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Wakulla, and Walton. Georgia: Grady and Thomas. Alabama: Geneva and Lee. Arkansas: Baxter and Sevier. Indiana: Huntington and La Grange. Kentucky: Madison and Trigg. Louisiana: Acadia, Jackson, Natchitoches, Ouachita, Rapides, Union, and Vernon. Maryland: Sussex. Michigan: Emmet and Mackinac. Mississippi: Attala, Carroll, Forrest, Jefferson Davis, Lowndes, Newton, Oktibbeha, Pearl River, Scott, and Stone. Missouri: Greene and Shannon. North Carolina: Buncombe, Granville, and Pender. South Carolina: Chesterfield, Clarendon, Hampton, Jasper, McCormick, Richland, and Saluda. Tennessee: Coffee, Lewis, and Wilson. Texas: Angelina, Harris, Walker, and Waller.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 18 MAY 2018
- ↑ Grundel, R., et al. (2011). "A survey of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Indiana Dunes and Northwest Indiana, USA." Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 84(2): 105-138.
- ↑ Grundel, R., et al. (2000). "Nectar plant selection by the Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore." The American Midland Naturalist 144(1): 1-10.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [2]
- ↑ Rafinesque, C. S. (1828). Medical flora; or Manual of the medical botany of the United States of North America.
