Difference between revisions of "Smilax lasioneura"
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| − | Common | + | Common names: Blue Ridge carrionflower, Midwestern carrionflower |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: ''Smilax herbacea'' var. ''lasioneura'' (Hooker) A.L.P.P. de Candolle; ''Nemexia lasioneuron'' (Hooker) Rydberg | + | Synonyms: ''Smilax herbacea'' var. ''lasioneura'' (Hooker) A.L.P.P. de Candolle; ''Nemexia lasioneuron'' (Hooker) Rydberg; ''Smilax lasioneuron''.<ref>Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''S. lasioneura'' can occur in mesic woodlands; calcareous woodlands; wooded seepage slopes; ridges between ravines; pine-oak-hickory woods; and mixed pine-hardwood forests. <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Bill Boothe, Marcia Boothe, A.F. Clewell, K. Craddock Burks, Patricia Elliott, Angus Gholson, R.K. Godfrey, Gary R. Knight, Richard S. Mitchell, Lovett E. Williams Jr. States and Counties: Florida: Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> Soils include loam, sandy loam and loamy sand. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Associated species include ''Arisaema, Toxicodendron, Trillium, Smilax ecirrhata,'' and bloodroot. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''S. lasioneura'' can occur in mesic woodlands; calcareous woodlands; wooded seepage slopes; ridges between ravines; pine-oak-hickory woods; and mixed pine-hardwood forests.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Bill Boothe, Marcia Boothe, A.F. Clewell, K. Craddock Burks, Patricia Elliott, Angus Gholson, R.K. Godfrey, Gary R. Knight, Richard S. Mitchell, Lovett E. Williams Jr. States and Counties: Florida: Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> Soils include loam, sandy loam and loamy sand.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Arisaema, Toxicodendron, Trillium, Smilax ecirrhata,'' and bloodroot.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | + | This species has been observed to flower from February to July<ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021</ref>, fruiting March through November.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
| − | <!--=== | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> |
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | |
| − | == | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | There are many species of ''Smilax'' and it is thought they can all be used in similar ways. Historically, the roots were harvested and prepared in a red flour or a thick jelly that could be used in candies and sweet drinks. Our first known written account of using the plant roots to make this jelly is from the journal of Captain John Smith in 1626. Other travelers throughout US history have made note of the uses of ''Smilax'' plants. We know the flour was used in breads and soups, and that a drink very similar to Sarsaparilla could be prepared.<ref> Fernald, et al. 1958. Edible Plants of Eastern North America. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
Latest revision as of 12:04, 15 July 2022
| Smilax lasioneura | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by W.H. Wagner (slide collection), permission and posted by University of Michigan Herbarium Michigan Flora Online | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida – Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Smilacaceae |
| Genus: | Smilax |
| Species: | S. lasioneura |
| Binomial name | |
| Smilax lasioneura Hook. | |
| |
| Natural range of Smilax lasioneura from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Blue Ridge carrionflower, Midwestern carrionflower
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Smilax herbacea var. lasioneura (Hooker) A.L.P.P. de Candolle; Nemexia lasioneuron (Hooker) Rydberg; Smilax lasioneuron.[1]
Description
A description of Smilax lasioneura is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, S. lasioneura can occur in mesic woodlands; calcareous woodlands; wooded seepage slopes; ridges between ravines; pine-oak-hickory woods; and mixed pine-hardwood forests.[2] Soils include loam, sandy loam and loamy sand.[2]
Associated species include Arisaema, Toxicodendron, Trillium, Smilax ecirrhata, and bloodroot.[2]
Phenology
This species has been observed to flower from February to July[3], fruiting March through November.[2]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
There are many species of Smilax and it is thought they can all be used in similar ways. Historically, the roots were harvested and prepared in a red flour or a thick jelly that could be used in candies and sweet drinks. Our first known written account of using the plant roots to make this jelly is from the journal of Captain John Smith in 1626. Other travelers throughout US history have made note of the uses of Smilax plants. We know the flour was used in breads and soups, and that a drink very similar to Sarsaparilla could be prepared.[4]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Bill Boothe, Marcia Boothe, A.F. Clewell, K. Craddock Burks, Patricia Elliott, Angus Gholson, R.K. Godfrey, Gary R. Knight, Richard S. Mitchell, Lovett E. Williams Jr. States and Counties: Florida: Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021
- ↑ Fernald, et al. 1958. Edible Plants of Eastern North America. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
