Difference between revisions of "Euphorbia maculata"
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Euphorbia maculata'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CHMA15 Plants Database]. | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Euphorbia maculata'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CHMA15 Plants Database]. | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | Common name: | + | Common name: Spotted sandmat |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | + | Synonyms: ''Chamaesyce maculata'' (Linnaeus) Small; ''Euphorbia supina'' Rafinesque.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| Line 25: | Line 28: | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | This plant is native from Quebec to North Dakota and south to Florida and Texas. However, it has been introduced globally.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''E. maculata'' prefers moist to wet sandy soils like alluvial sands, moist loamy or clayey sand, and coarse calcareous gravelly soils. It is found in a variety of natural and disturbed community types, including pine flatwoods, sand dunes, river banks, open shorelines, and near brackish marshes. Disturbed habitat includes railways, citrus furrows, cracks in pavement, roadside ditches, and recently clear-cut, site prepared and planted slash pine flatwoods<ref name=fsu>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, D. Hall, R. K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, L. Neel, R. A. Norris, A. Schmidt, and C. R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Collier, Franklin, Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, Polk, Taylor, and Wakulla. Geogia: Camden, Clinch, Glynn, and Thomas.</ref> | + | ''E. maculata'' prefers moist to wet sandy soils like alluvial sands, moist loamy or clayey sand, and coarse calcareous gravelly soils. It is found in a variety of natural and disturbed community types, including pine flatwoods, sand dunes, river banks, open shorelines, and near brackish marshes. Disturbed habitat includes railways, citrus furrows, cracks in pavement, roadside ditches, and recently clear-cut, site prepared and planted slash pine flatwoods.<ref name=fsu>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, D. Hall, R. K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, L. Neel, R. A. Norris, A. Schmidt, and C. R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Collier, Franklin, Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, Polk, Taylor, and Wakulla. Geogia: Camden, Clinch, Glynn, and Thomas.</ref> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | It has been observed flowering and fruiting in September<ref name=fsu/> | + | It has been observed flowering and fruiting in September.<ref name=fsu/> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
| − | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | |
| + | ''Euphorbia maculata'' has been observed to host plant bugs from the Miridae family such as ''Lygus lineolaris'', ''Semium hirtum'' and ''Spanagonicus albofasciatus''.<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | Medicinally, the sap can be ingested to induce vomiting and act as a laxative, and can be used topically to treat warts, sores, lesions, and soreness.<ref> Korchmal, Arnold & Connie. 1973. A Guide to the Medicinal Plants of the United States. The New York Times Book Company, New York.</ref> | ||
| − | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
Latest revision as of 14:43, 30 June 2022
| Euphorbia maculata | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Patrick J. Alexander, hosted by the USDA-NRCS, The PLANTS Database | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Euphorbiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus: | Euphorbia |
| Species: | E. maculata |
| Binomial name | |
| Euphorbia maculata (L.) Small | |
| |
| Natural range of Euphorbia maculata from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Spotted sandmat
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Chamaesyce maculata (Linnaeus) Small; Euphorbia supina Rafinesque.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
Description
Euphorbia maculata is a weedy annual herbaceous plant. It tends to grow low to the ground and somewhat repent.[2]
Distribution
This plant is native from Quebec to North Dakota and south to Florida and Texas. However, it has been introduced globally.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
E. maculata prefers moist to wet sandy soils like alluvial sands, moist loamy or clayey sand, and coarse calcareous gravelly soils. It is found in a variety of natural and disturbed community types, including pine flatwoods, sand dunes, river banks, open shorelines, and near brackish marshes. Disturbed habitat includes railways, citrus furrows, cracks in pavement, roadside ditches, and recently clear-cut, site prepared and planted slash pine flatwoods.[2]
Phenology
It has been observed flowering and fruiting in September.[2]
Herbivory and toxicology
Euphorbia maculata has been observed to host plant bugs from the Miridae family such as Lygus lineolaris, Semium hirtum and Spanagonicus albofasciatus.[3]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Medicinally, the sap can be ingested to induce vomiting and act as a laxative, and can be used topically to treat warts, sores, lesions, and soreness.[4]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, D. Hall, R. K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, L. Neel, R. A. Norris, A. Schmidt, and C. R. Slaughter. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Collier, Franklin, Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, Polk, Taylor, and Wakulla. Geogia: Camden, Clinch, Glynn, and Thomas.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
- ↑ Korchmal, Arnold & Connie. 1973. A Guide to the Medicinal Plants of the United States. The New York Times Book Company, New York.
