Difference between revisions of "Erigeron quercifolius"
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{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Erigeron quercifolius | | name = Erigeron quercifolius | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Erig_quer.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com SpaceCoastWildflowers.com] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | Common name: | + | Common name: Oakleaf fleabane |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The common name, oakleaf fleabane, is due to the basal leaves being lobed like some oaks.<ref name="Native">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2014/01/daisy-fleabane-erigeron-quercifolius.html Native Florida Wildflowers]] Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | A description of ''Erigeron quercifolius'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id= | + | A description of ''Erigeron quercifolius'' is provided in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=25006666gin, w4 The Flora of North America]. |
| + | |||
| + | ''E. quercifolius'' can be a winter annual, biennial or short live perennial, depending on environmental conditions. Basal leaves have a deeply notched marith yellow-green leaves that are rough to the touch. Flower stalks emerge from the center of the basal rosette and can reach about 12-24 inches tall by early summer. The flower heads are small and are composed of many thin, ray petals surrounding a rounded yellow disc.<ref name="Native">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2014/01/daisy-fleabane-erigeron-quercifolius.html Native Florida Wildflowers]] Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref> Flowers can be blue, white or pink.<ref name="EOL">[[http://eol.org/pages/468955/details Encyclopedia of Life]]Accessed December 7, 2015</ref> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''Erigeron quercifolius'' exists across the southeastern Coastal Plain region, but is primarily found in peninsular Florida with disjunct populations in the Bahamas.<ref>Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | + | ''E. quercifolius'' can be found in wetland depressions, wet pinelands, dry turkey-oak pinelands, pine flatwoods, moist open hammocks, and peaty soils of cypress-gum swamps. It is a quick to colonize openings and disturbed areas such as roadsides, vacant lots, open fields, and drainage ditches. Soils include loamy sand, peaty soil, and shell rock. <ref name="Native"/><ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, James R. Birkhaulter, Michael Cartrett, George R. Cooley, R.A. Davidson, Robert Doren, Richard J. Eaton, J.P. Gillespie, William T. Gillis, R.K. Godfrey, Ed Keppner, Lisa Keppner, R. Kral, O. Lakela, D.W. Mather, Joseph Monachino, John B. Nelson, C.W. O’Brien, Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Grady W. Reinert, Cecil R. Slaughter, Bian Tan, R.F. Throne. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dixie, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Gulf, Hamilton, Holmes, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> Associated species include ''Helenium pinnatifidum, Parietaria praetermissa, Micromeria brownei, Spermacoce assurgens, Galium hispidulum, Vicia floridana, Commelina diffusa, Rumex verticillatus, Galium tinctorium, Boehmeria cylindrica'', and ''Saururus cernuus''. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | + | It has an inferior ovary<ref name="Name">[[http://www.namethatplant.net/plantdetail.shtml?plant=529 Native and Naturalized Plants of the Carolinas and Georgia]]Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref> and flowers March through October. <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Fruits are achenes<ref name="Name"/>. In north Florida peak inflorescence has been observed in April.<ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 9 DEC 2016</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | ''Erigeron quercifolius'' has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to be visited by bees from the Apidae family such as ''Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens'' and ''Epeolus pusillus'', plasterer bees from the Colletidae family such as ''Colletes mandibularis'', sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as ''Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum tamiamensis'', wasps from the Leucospididae family such as ''Leucospis robertsoni, L. slossonae'', leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as ''Coelioxys germana, Dianthidium floridiense, Dolichostelis louisae, Heriades leavitti, Megachile albitarsis, M. parallela'' and ''M. petulans'', thread-waisted wasps such as ''Bicyrtes capnoptera'' (family Sphecidae) and wasps from the Vespidae family such as ''Euodynerus hidalgo'' and ''Pachodynerus erynnis.''<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> Additionally, ''E. quercifolius'' has been observed to host ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family such as ''Andrena atlantica, Perdita boltoniae'' and ''P. nubila'', bees such as Ceratina cockerelli (family Apidae), plasterer bees such as ''Hylaeus confluens'' (family Colletidae), and leafcutting bees such as ''Heriades leavitti'' (family Megachilidae).<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> | |
| − | |||
| − | Apidae | ||
| − | |||
| − | Colletidae | ||
| − | |||
| − | Halictidae | ||
| − | |||
| − | Leucospididae | ||
| − | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | |
| + | It attracts predatory and parasitoid insects that will prey on pest insects. It is a host to thrips and aphids.<ref name="Bloomin">[[http://0390346.netsolhost.com/WordPress/tag/erigeron-quercifolius/ Bloomin crazy]]Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref> | ||
| − | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | |
| − | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | |
| − | + | ==Cultural use== | |
| − | === | + | It is claimed that burning the foliage will chase away fleas and other pests.<ref name="What">[[https://whatfloridanativeplantisbloomingtoday.wordpress.com/2013/12/08/oakleaf-fleabane-erigeron-quercifolius-2/]]Accessed: December 7, 2015</ref> |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 07:10, 30 June 2022
| Erigeron quercifolius | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae |
| Genus: | Erigeron |
| Species: | E. quercifolius |
| Binomial name | |
| Erigeron quercifolius Lam. | |
| |
| Natural range of Erigeron quercifolius from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Oakleaf fleabane
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
The common name, oakleaf fleabane, is due to the basal leaves being lobed like some oaks.[2]
Description
A description of Erigeron quercifolius is provided in w4 The Flora of North America.
E. quercifolius can be a winter annual, biennial or short live perennial, depending on environmental conditions. Basal leaves have a deeply notched marith yellow-green leaves that are rough to the touch. Flower stalks emerge from the center of the basal rosette and can reach about 12-24 inches tall by early summer. The flower heads are small and are composed of many thin, ray petals surrounding a rounded yellow disc.[2] Flowers can be blue, white or pink.[3]
Distribution
Erigeron quercifolius exists across the southeastern Coastal Plain region, but is primarily found in peninsular Florida with disjunct populations in the Bahamas.[4]
Ecology
Habitat
E. quercifolius can be found in wetland depressions, wet pinelands, dry turkey-oak pinelands, pine flatwoods, moist open hammocks, and peaty soils of cypress-gum swamps. It is a quick to colonize openings and disturbed areas such as roadsides, vacant lots, open fields, and drainage ditches. Soils include loamy sand, peaty soil, and shell rock. [2][5] Associated species include Helenium pinnatifidum, Parietaria praetermissa, Micromeria brownei, Spermacoce assurgens, Galium hispidulum, Vicia floridana, Commelina diffusa, Rumex verticillatus, Galium tinctorium, Boehmeria cylindrica, and Saururus cernuus. [5]
Phenology
It has an inferior ovary[6] and flowers March through October. [5] Fruits are achenes[6]. In north Florida peak inflorescence has been observed in April.[7]
Pollination
Erigeron quercifolius has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to be visited by bees from the Apidae family such as Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens and Epeolus pusillus, plasterer bees from the Colletidae family such as Colletes mandibularis, sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as Halictus poeyi, Lasioglossum tamiamensis, wasps from the Leucospididae family such as Leucospis robertsoni, L. slossonae, leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as Coelioxys germana, Dianthidium floridiense, Dolichostelis louisae, Heriades leavitti, Megachile albitarsis, M. parallela and M. petulans, thread-waisted wasps such as Bicyrtes capnoptera (family Sphecidae) and wasps from the Vespidae family such as Euodynerus hidalgo and Pachodynerus erynnis.[8] Additionally, E. quercifolius has been observed to host ground-nesting bees from the Andrenidae family such as Andrena atlantica, Perdita boltoniae and P. nubila, bees such as Ceratina cockerelli (family Apidae), plasterer bees such as Hylaeus confluens (family Colletidae), and leafcutting bees such as Heriades leavitti (family Megachilidae).[9]
Herbivory and toxicology
It attracts predatory and parasitoid insects that will prey on pest insects. It is a host to thrips and aphids.[10]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
It is claimed that burning the foliage will chase away fleas and other pests.[11]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 [Native Florida Wildflowers] Accessed: December 7, 2015
- ↑ [Encyclopedia of Life]Accessed December 7, 2015
- ↑ Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, James R. Birkhaulter, Michael Cartrett, George R. Cooley, R.A. Davidson, Robert Doren, Richard J. Eaton, J.P. Gillespie, William T. Gillis, R.K. Godfrey, Ed Keppner, Lisa Keppner, R. Kral, O. Lakela, D.W. Mather, Joseph Monachino, John B. Nelson, C.W. O’Brien, Paul L. Redfearn Jr., Grady W. Reinert, Cecil R. Slaughter, Bian Tan, R.F. Throne. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dixie, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Gulf, Hamilton, Holmes, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 [Native and Naturalized Plants of the Carolinas and Georgia]Accessed: December 7, 2015
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 9 DEC 2016
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
- ↑ [Bloomin crazy]Accessed: December 7, 2015
- ↑ [[2]]Accessed: December 7, 2015
