Difference between revisions of "Polygonella basiramia"
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{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Polygonella basiramia | | name = Polygonella basiramia | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Polya_basi.JPG |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by Shirley Denton (Copyrighted, use by photographer’s permission only), [http://www.shirleydenton.com/welcome Nature Photography by Shirley Denton] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| binomial_authority = (Small) G.L. Nesom & V.M. Bates | | binomial_authority = (Small) G.L. Nesom & V.M. Bates | ||
| range_map = poly_basi_dist.jpg | | range_map = poly_basi_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Polygonella basiramia'' from USDA NRCS [http:// | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Polygonella basiramia'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=POBA5 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| − | Common | + | Common names: Florida jointweed, Tufted wireweed |
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: ''Delopyrum basiramium'' Small; ''Polygonella ciliata'' Meisn. var. ''basiramia'' (Small) Horton | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | A description of ''Polygonella basiramia'' is provided in [http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250060710 The Flora of North America]. | ||
| + | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | It is endemic to the rosemary scrubs in Florida's Polk and Highlands counties.<ref name="fnai">[[http://www.fnai.org/FieldGuide/pdf/Polygonella_basiramia.pdf]] Florida Natural Areas Inventory. Accessed: February 22, 2016</ref> | ||
| − | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| + | ''P. basiramia'' is limited to the xeric white and gray sands found along the Lake Wales, Winter Haven, and Bombing Range Ridges.<ref name="fnai"/> It it found primarily in gaps and disturbed roadsides of rosemary balds.<ref name="archbold">[[http://www.archbold-station.org/html/research/plant/polbassppacc.html]]Archbold Biological Station. Accessed: February 22, 2016</ref> It is sensitive to the encroachment of shrubs and ground lichens due to increased competition for light or water (Hawkes and Menges 1995). Presence of other species has been found to negatively affect ''P. basiramia'' densities. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Prunus geniculata, Sanidophyllum'', and ''Paronychia pulvinata.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: James D. Ray. States and Counties: Florida: Highlands. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | Flowers in November.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021</ref> This is a gynodioecious species with perfect and pistillate flowers on different individuals. The perfect individuals have blue-black anthers.<ref name="archbold"/> It is a short-lived polycarpic perennial (Boyle et al. 2003). | ||
| + | |||
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| + | The seeds are small and non-descript with no apparent adaptations for dispersal (Boyle et al. 2003). | ||
| + | |||
===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| + | This species exhibits little seed dormancy and does not form a persistent seed bank.<ref name="archbold"/> It produces many seeds in one reproductive season, more than 30 times the established plant density (Hawkes and Menges 1995). In degraded scrubs germination is less limited compared to an intact scrub (Stephens et al. 2012). Leachates from Ceratiola ericoides has also been observed to reduce germination of ''P. basiramia'' (Hewitt and Menges 2008). | ||
| + | |||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | ''P. basiramia'' is a gap-specialist found in both small and large gaps. It is sensitive to the encroachment of shrubs, accumulation of ground lichens and litter due to the increased competition for light and water (Boyle et al. 2003). There is a negative correllation between the presence of other species and ''P. basiramia'' density. As long as there are open gaps, it is able to persist without large-scale disturbances such as fire. It is potentially sensitive to fire due to short lived seeds and all individuals are killed (Hawkes and Menges 1995). Quintana-Ascencio and Menges (2000) suggest that patchy fires may benefit ''P. basiramia'' since it requires dispersal from unburned patches to establish in gaps rather than from a persistent seed bank. | ||
| + | |||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | The following | + | The following species were observed visiting flowers of ''Polygonella basiramia'' at the Archbold Biological Station:<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> |
| − | Colletidae: | + | Plasterer bees from the family Colletidae: ''Colletes mandibularis'' |
| − | Halictidae: | + | Sweat bees from the family Halictidae: ''Agapostemon splendens, Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochloropsis anonyma, Lasioglossum miniatulus, L. nymphalis'' |
| − | Megachilidae: | + | Leafcutting bees from the family Megachilidae: ''Megachile brevis pseudobrevis'' |
| + | |||
| + | Thread-waisted wasps from the family Sphecidae: ''Anacrabro ocellatus, Philanthus politus, Tachysphex similis'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Wasps from the family Vespidae: ''Stenodynerus histrionalis rufustus'' | ||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| + | Fewer than 150 populations remain along the Lake Wales, Winter Haven, and Bombing Range Ridges. Conversion of this land to urban and agricultural areas, along with fire suppression is threatening the ridges.<ref name="fnai"/> | ||
| − | + | US-Endangered | |
| − | + | FL-Endangered | |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | File: Poly_basi_SDenton-Flower0009.jpg | <center> Flowers of ''Polygonella'' ''basiramia'' <p> Photo by Shirley Denton (Copyrighted, use by photographer’s permission only), [http://www.shirleydenton.com/welcome Nature Photography by Shirley Denton] </p> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 09:12, 15 July 2022
| Polygonella basiramia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Shirley Denton (Copyrighted, use by photographer’s permission only), Nature Photography by Shirley Denton | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | Polygonella |
| Species: | P. basiramia |
| Binomial name | |
| Polygonella basiramia (Small) G.L. Nesom & V.M. Bates | |
| |
| Natural range of Polygonella basiramia from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Florida jointweed, Tufted wireweed
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Delopyrum basiramium Small; Polygonella ciliata Meisn. var. basiramia (Small) Horton
Description
A description of Polygonella basiramia is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
It is endemic to the rosemary scrubs in Florida's Polk and Highlands counties.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
P. basiramia is limited to the xeric white and gray sands found along the Lake Wales, Winter Haven, and Bombing Range Ridges.[1] It it found primarily in gaps and disturbed roadsides of rosemary balds.[2] It is sensitive to the encroachment of shrubs and ground lichens due to increased competition for light or water (Hawkes and Menges 1995). Presence of other species has been found to negatively affect P. basiramia densities.
Associated species include Prunus geniculata, Sanidophyllum, and Paronychia pulvinata.[3]
Phenology
Flowers in November.[3][4] This is a gynodioecious species with perfect and pistillate flowers on different individuals. The perfect individuals have blue-black anthers.[2] It is a short-lived polycarpic perennial (Boyle et al. 2003).
Seed dispersal
The seeds are small and non-descript with no apparent adaptations for dispersal (Boyle et al. 2003).
Seed bank and germination
This species exhibits little seed dormancy and does not form a persistent seed bank.[2] It produces many seeds in one reproductive season, more than 30 times the established plant density (Hawkes and Menges 1995). In degraded scrubs germination is less limited compared to an intact scrub (Stephens et al. 2012). Leachates from Ceratiola ericoides has also been observed to reduce germination of P. basiramia (Hewitt and Menges 2008).
Fire ecology
P. basiramia is a gap-specialist found in both small and large gaps. It is sensitive to the encroachment of shrubs, accumulation of ground lichens and litter due to the increased competition for light and water (Boyle et al. 2003). There is a negative correllation between the presence of other species and P. basiramia density. As long as there are open gaps, it is able to persist without large-scale disturbances such as fire. It is potentially sensitive to fire due to short lived seeds and all individuals are killed (Hawkes and Menges 1995). Quintana-Ascencio and Menges (2000) suggest that patchy fires may benefit P. basiramia since it requires dispersal from unburned patches to establish in gaps rather than from a persistent seed bank.
Pollination
The following species were observed visiting flowers of Polygonella basiramia at the Archbold Biological Station:[5]
Plasterer bees from the family Colletidae: Colletes mandibularis
Sweat bees from the family Halictidae: Agapostemon splendens, Augochlorella gratiosa, Augochloropsis anonyma, Lasioglossum miniatulus, L. nymphalis
Leafcutting bees from the family Megachilidae: Megachile brevis pseudobrevis
Thread-waisted wasps from the family Sphecidae: Anacrabro ocellatus, Philanthus politus, Tachysphex similis
Wasps from the family Vespidae: Stenodynerus histrionalis rufustus
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Fewer than 150 populations remain along the Lake Wales, Winter Haven, and Bombing Range Ridges. Conversion of this land to urban and agricultural areas, along with fire suppression is threatening the ridges.[1]
US-Endangered
FL-Endangered
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
Flowers of Polygonella basiramia Photo by Shirley Denton (Copyrighted, use by photographer’s permission only), Nature Photography by Shirley Denton
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 [[1]] Florida Natural Areas Inventory. Accessed: February 22, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 [[2]]Archbold Biological Station. Accessed: February 22, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: James D. Ray. States and Counties: Florida: Highlands. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
