Difference between revisions of "Stachytarpheta jamaicensis"

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{{taxobox
 
{{taxobox
 
| name = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
 
| name = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
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| image = Insert.jpg
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| image = Stac_jama.jpg
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| image_caption =  
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| image_caption = Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com  SpaceCoastWildflowers.com]
 
| regnum = Plantae
 
| regnum = Plantae
 
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
 
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
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| binomial_authority = (L.) Vahl  
 
| binomial_authority = (L.) Vahl  
 
| range_map = stac_jama_dist.jpg
 
| range_map = stac_jama_dist.jpg
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Stachytarpheta jamaicensis'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov Plants Database].
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Stachytarpheta jamaicensis'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=STJA Plants Database].
 
}}
 
}}
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Common names: Light-blue snakeweed, Blue porterweed, Joee
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==Taxonomic notes==
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Synonym: ''Valerianoides jamaicensis'' (Linnaeus) Kuntze
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''Stachytarpheta'' comes from the Greek words: stachys meaning spike and tarphys meaning thick or dense, which both refer to the dense flower spike. The specific epithet refers to the species origin: Jamaica.<ref name="eat">[[http://www.eattheweeds.com/blue-porterweed-bottom-up/]]Eat the Weeds. Accessed: March 17, 2016</ref>
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==Description==  
 
==Description==  
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
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light-blue snakeweed
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''S. jamaicensis'' is a small, sprawling perennial shrub whose younger stems are green or purplish in color, glabrous, and square. The blue or pink flowers are borne terminally on long, stringy spikes at the end of the stems. Leaves are opposite, simple, serrated, and ovate. Fruits are inconspicuous.<ref name="key">[[http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/03030800-0b07-490a-8d04-0605030c0f01/media/Html/Stachytarpheta_jamaicensis.htm]]Weeds of Australia. Accessed: March 16, 2016</ref><ref name="uf">[[https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fp559]]University of Florida Extension. Accessed: March 17, 2016</ref>
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==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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This species is native to south Florida, the Caribbean, Bahamas, Bermuda, and Mexico.<ref name="lee">[[http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/Hort/GardenPubsAZ/Blue_porterweed.pdf]]Lee County Extension. Accessed: March 16, 2016</ref> It has become naturalized in Africa, Madagascar, tropical Asia, and northern and eastern Australia.<ref name="key"/>
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==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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''S. jamaicensis'' grows on dunes, shell middens, pine rocklands, and disturbed sites.<ref name="lee"/> It will grow in calcareous, acidic, alkaline, sandy, loamy and clay soils.<ref name="uf"/><ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey. States and Counties: Florida: Monroe. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref>
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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Numerous flowers are arranged on long, curved thick spikes.<ref name="key"/> Flowers all year, but less from December through February.<ref name="lee"/>
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===Seed dispersal===
 
===Seed dispersal===
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===Seed bank and germination===
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Seeds can be spread by animals, clothing, vehicles, and contaminated agricultural produce.<ref name="key"/>
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===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
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<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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===Pollination===
 
===Pollination===
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Mark Deyrup at Archbold Biological Station observed these Hymenoptera species on ''Stachytarpheta jamaicensis'':
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Bees such as ''Bombus pennsylvanicus'' (family Apidae) were observed visiting flowers of ''Stachytarpheta jamaicensis'' at the Archbold Biological Station:<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref>
  
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Apidae: Bombus pennsylvanicus
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===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc-->
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It is a food of death's head hawkmoths.<ref name="eol">[[http://eol.org/pages/579751/details]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: March 17, 2016</ref> It is a larval host plant for the tropical buckeye caterpillar and a nectar source for Gulf fritillary and monarch butterflies.<ref name="lee"/>
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<!--===Diseases and parasites===-->
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
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==Cultural use==
  
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===Use by animals=== <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
 
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===Diseases and parasites===
 
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==Conservation and Management==
 
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==Cultivation and restoration==
 
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery widths=180px>
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File: Stac_jama_WMatchett_SCoastWildfl-Flwrs-039.jpg | <center> Flowers of ''Stachytarpheta'' ''jamaicensis'' <p> Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com  SpaceCoastWildflowers.com] </p>
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</gallery>
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==References and notes==
 
==References and notes==

Latest revision as of 13:07, 15 July 2022

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
Stac jama.jpg
Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Order: Lamiales
Family: Verbenaceae
Genus: Stachytarpheta
Species: S. jamaicensis
Binomial name
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
(L.) Vahl
Stac jama dist.jpg
Natural range of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common names: Light-blue snakeweed, Blue porterweed, Joee

Taxonomic notes

Synonym: Valerianoides jamaicensis (Linnaeus) Kuntze

Stachytarpheta comes from the Greek words: stachys meaning spike and tarphys meaning thick or dense, which both refer to the dense flower spike. The specific epithet refers to the species origin: Jamaica.[1]

Description

S. jamaicensis is a small, sprawling perennial shrub whose younger stems are green or purplish in color, glabrous, and square. The blue or pink flowers are borne terminally on long, stringy spikes at the end of the stems. Leaves are opposite, simple, serrated, and ovate. Fruits are inconspicuous.[2][3]

Distribution

This species is native to south Florida, the Caribbean, Bahamas, Bermuda, and Mexico.[4] It has become naturalized in Africa, Madagascar, tropical Asia, and northern and eastern Australia.[2]

Ecology

Habitat

S. jamaicensis grows on dunes, shell middens, pine rocklands, and disturbed sites.[4] It will grow in calcareous, acidic, alkaline, sandy, loamy and clay soils.[3][5]

Phenology

Numerous flowers are arranged on long, curved thick spikes.[2] Flowers all year, but less from December through February.[4]

Seed dispersal

Seeds can be spread by animals, clothing, vehicles, and contaminated agricultural produce.[2]

Pollination

Bees such as Bombus pennsylvanicus (family Apidae) were observed visiting flowers of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis at the Archbold Biological Station:[6]

Herbivory and toxicology

It is a food of death's head hawkmoths.[7] It is a larval host plant for the tropical buckeye caterpillar and a nectar source for Gulf fritillary and monarch butterflies.[4]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Cultural use

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ [[1]]Eat the Weeds. Accessed: March 17, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 [[2]]Weeds of Australia. Accessed: March 16, 2016
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 [[3]]University of Florida Extension. Accessed: March 17, 2016
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 [[4]]Lee County Extension. Accessed: March 16, 2016
  5. ↑ Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: Robert K. Godfrey. States and Counties: Florida: Monroe. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
  6. ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
  7. ↑ [[5]]Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed: March 17, 2016
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